Collaborative Research: Lake Matano, Indonesia: A modern observatory of ancient ocean biogeochemistry

合作研究：印度尼西亚马塔诺湖：古代海洋生物地球化学的现代观测站

• 批准号: 0844301
• 负责人: David Fowle
• 金额: $ 10.23万
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0844301&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Lake; Matano; Indonesia

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Archean and Proterozoic oceans have no known analogues in modern aquatic environments, and their biogeochemistry and microbiology remain enigmatic. Lake Matano's physical structure, abundance of Fe and dearth of sulfate mirror the stratified ferruginous conditions thought to prevail in these early oceans. Preliminary results indicate proliferation of anoxygenic photoferrotrophs, and support the significance of these organisms for the primary production in the early ocean. The active methane cycle in Lake Matano demonstrates that methanogenesis and methanotrophy could have also been important components of the Earth?s early marine C cycle. The methane cycle appears coupled to the iron cycle through anaerobic oxidation of methane with Fe(III) as an electron acceptor, a novel biogeochemical pathway. Given that the deep waters of Lake Matano may be the best available modern analogue for the anoxic, ferrugenous, and organic-poor early waters, investigators seek to further elucidate the extent, mechanisms and the microbial communities responsible for these processes. The specific objectives of this project are: 1) to generate high resolution profiles of the geochemistry of iron, methane, and organic carbon in the deep waters and sediments of Lake Matano using field and laboratory measurements; 2) to characterize the water column stratification, hydrodynamics, and the rates of physical substance transport using direct measurements and modeling; 3) characterize the community structure and biogeochemical reactions associated with the microbial communities in the lake and investigate their metabolisms in pure and mixed cultures; 4) simulate the biogeochemical cycling of iron, carbon, and methane in the lake using reaction-transport models and calculate the in-situ reaction rates. These results from Lake Matano, Indonesia, will provide the first glimpse at the microbial ecosystems that can develop in a stable, ferruginous aquatic environment. They can confirm the discoveries of two novel biogeochemical pathways. Broader Impacts: Phylogenetic data will place extant organisms into an evolutionary framework. Generated reactive transport models will be transferable to biogeochemical processes in other tropical stratified lakes. These models and ecology data will help examine biogeochemical processes in paleo-environments. Physical data will help understand mixing in weakly stratified deep lacustrine and marine environments. Additionally, a novel internationalized educational plan will bring faculty and students from the USA and Indonesia together in the field and in the laboratory.

该奖项是根据2009年的《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。在现代水生环境中，原始海洋和原始海洋尚无类似物，其生物地球化学和微生物学仍然是神秘的。马塔诺湖的物理结构，丰富的铁和硫酸盐缺乏反映了在这些早期海洋中占上风的分层铁质条件。初步结果表明无氧光嗜蛋力的增殖，并支持这些生物对早期海洋初级生产的重要性。 Matano湖中的活跃甲烷周期表明，甲烷发生和甲烷植物也可能​​是地球早期海洋C周期的重要组成部分。甲烷周期通过甲烷的厌氧氧化与Fe（III）作为电子受体（一种新型的生物地球化学途径）耦合到铁循环。鉴于Matano湖的深水可能是最佳的现代类似物，用于缺氧，铁毒和有机贫困的早期水域，研究人员试图进一步阐明负责这些过程的程度，机制和微生物群落。该项目的具体目标是：1）使用现场和实验室测量结果在Matano湖的深水和沉积物中产生高分辨率的高分辨率曲线； 2）使用直接测量和建模来表征水柱分层，流体动力学和物理物质传输的速率； 3）表征与湖中微生物群落相关的社区结构和生物地球化学反应，并研究其在纯和混合培养物中的代谢； 4）使用反应传输模型模拟湖中铁，碳和甲烷的生物地球化学循环，并计算原位反应速率。来自印度尼西亚Matano湖的这些结果将对可以在稳定的铁质水生环境中发展的微生物生态系统提供第一次瞥见。他们可以证实两种新型生物地球化学途径的发现。更广泛的影响：系统发育数据将现有的生物置于进化框架中。产生的反应性传输模型将可以转移到其他热带分层湖泊中的生物地球化学过程。这些模型和生态数据将有助于检查古环境中的生物地球化学过程。物理数据将有助于了解弱分层的深湖间和海洋环境中的混合。 此外，一项新颖的国际教育计划将使来自美国和印度尼西亚的教职员工和实验室中的学生一起。