CSR-PSCE, SM: Operating System-Level Resource Management in the Multi-Core Era

CSR-PSCE、SM：多核时代的操作系统级资源管理

• 批准号: 0834451
• 负责人: Sandhya Dwarkadas
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0834451&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSR; PSCE; SM; Operating; System

Multi-core processors require increasingly sophisticated operating systems and middleware in order to ensure both security and performance isolation. Operating systems need to be aware of the on-chip resource requirements of individual threads and processes. Shared resources such as parts of the memory hierarchy and the off-chip bandwidth imply that interactions among concurrently executing processes might affect their performance and perceived priority. Resource-aware policies are imperative for improved performance, fairness, and scalability. Some of the challenges faced in making the policies resource-aware include: identifying application resource requirements in a transparent manner, understanding the interactions among conflicting resource requirements, and enforcing the resource constraints in a manner that scales as the number of cores is increased. This research addresses these challenges by developing new system-level support for resource management in multi-core processors. The key idea is to use low-overhead hardware-provided statistics via counters as a mechanism to learn about resource requirements and conflicts without application involvement. Hardware counter statistics can also serve as a signature of program execution, benefiting tasks such as workload classification and phase change identification. At the level of the operating system, the project utilizes the online processor execution statistics to improve the efficiency and fairness of CPU scheduling and memory management, and manage the hardware-provided statistics as a first-class resource so that multiple applications can take advantage of the information. By working with an existing open-source OS (Linux) and virtual machine monitor (Xen), the experimental work directly impacts today's multi-core users. Strong on-going collaborations with industry partners, in particular, IBM and Ask.com, permit this team to transfer technological advancements to mainstream processors and commercial applications. As one possible outcome, the hardware design of processor counters can be augmented to cooperate with the software system support. With a better understanding of software needs (for both statistics utilization and management), more informed tradeoffs can be made at the hardware level. The education component of this project will include direct research participation of both graduate and undergraduate students as well as curriculum enhancement for related systems courses. As a result, students will acquire valuable multidisciplinary (software/hardware) experience and training required to understand and advance increasingly complex future computer systems.

多核处理器需要越来越复杂的操作系统和中间件，以确保安全性和性能隔离。操作系统需要了解各个线程和进程的片上资源需求。共享资源（例如部分内存层次结构和片外带宽）意味着并发执行进程之间的交互可能会影响其性能和感知优先级。资源感知策略对于提高性能、公平性和可扩展性至关重要。使策略具有资源感知能力面临的一些挑战包括：以透明的方式识别应用程序资源需求，了解冲突的资源需求之间的相互作用，以及以随着核心数量增加而扩展的方式强制实施资源限制。 这项研究通过为多核处理器中的资源管理开发新的系统级支持来解决这些挑战。 关键思想是通过计数器使用低开销硬件提供的统计数据作为一种机制来了解资源需求和冲突，而无需应用程序参与。 硬件计数器统计数据还可以作为程序执行的签名，有益于工作负载分类和阶段变化识别等任务。在操作系统层面，该项目利用在线处理器执行统计来提高CPU调度和内存管理的效率和公平性，并将硬件提供的统计作为一级资源进行管理，以便多个应用程序可以利用的信息。通过使用现有的开源操作系统 (Linux) 和虚拟机监视器 (Xen)，实验工作直接影响当今的多核用户。与行业合作伙伴（特别是 IBM 和 Ask.com）的持续密切合作，使该团队能够将技术进步转移到主流处理器和商业应用程序中。作为一种可能的结果，可以增强处理器计数器的硬件设计以与软件系统支持配合。通过更好地了解软件需求（统计利用和管理），可以在硬件级别做出更明智的权衡。该项目的教育部分将包括研究生和本科生的直接研究参与以及相关系统课程的课程强化。因此，学生将获得理解和推进日益复杂的未来计算机系统所需的宝贵的多学科（软件/硬件）经验和培训。