COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: The intersection of vegetation organization and watershed topology: Ecohydrologic imprints in runoff generation and stream discharge

合作研究：植被组织和流域拓扑的交叉点：径流产生和溪流排放的生态水文印记

• 批准号: 0838193
• 负责人: Ryan Emanuel
• 金额: $ 14.59万
• 依托单位: Appalachian State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0838193&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; intersection; vegetation; organization

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: The intersection of vegetation organization and watershed topology: Ecohydrologic imprints in runoff generation and stream dischargeRyan E. Emanuel, Appalachian State UniversityBrian L. McGlynn, Montana State UniversityAbstractThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Vegetation plays a key, though complex role in the water balances of terrestrial landscapes. One aspect contributing to this complexity is the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. In particular, the effects of the spatial distribution of vegetation on runoff processes at hillslope and watershed scales remain poorly understood, due in large part to the variety of spatial relationships between landforms and vegetation within and among terrestrial landscapes combined with spatially and temporally variable evaporation and transpiration. This research project will develop a conceptual framework that considers vegetation as a temporally dynamic and spatially heterogeneous control on runoff generation and stream discharge within hillslope and watershed networks. The framework will be tested using a combination of intensive field-based measurements, airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) measurements, and numerical simulations of coupled hydrological and ecophysiological processes. Small (approximately 500 ha) watersheds in the northern Rocky Mountains of Montana and the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina will serve as field sites instrumented with stream gages, piezometers, and weather stations to detect shallow groundwater and stream discharge responses to vegetation activity (i.e. transpiration in response to meteorological conditions) and vegetation heterogeneity (i.e. different vegetation distributions and characteristics among hillslopes and watersheds). LIDAR will be used to assess the distribution of vegetation within hillslopes and watershed networks, providing empirical evidence for the sensitivity of hydrological processes to the spatial arrangement of vegetation at these scales. Numerical modeling will provide understanding of the roles of biological and physical processes, within the constraints of the algorithms coded into the model, in the observed hydrological responses, both within and among watersheds. By comparing hillslopes and watersheds from two different biogeographical and climatological regions, this project will result in a more generalized understanding of how vegetation affects hydrological processes at these scales, addressing an area of critical research need at the interdisciplinary interface of watershed hydrology and vegetation ecophysiology. Broader impacts of this project include promoting research in a predominantly undergraduate institution, training future scientists, strengthening collaborations between research intensive and predominantly undergraduate institutions, advancing research for an early-career scientist and diversifying participation in the earth sciences. During the course of this project, the PIs will also develop and teach a collaborative, field-based course for students from both Appalachian State University (ASU) and Montana State University (MSU). Additionally, the research project will increase participation of underrepresented populations in the sciences. Both PIs are directly involved in programs to provide research opportunities and mentoring to underrepresented populations, including the American Indian Research Opportunities program at MSU and the Faculty Fellows program at ASU. The project will directly involve two faculty members, one Ph.D. student, two undergraduate researchers, and approximately twenty course enrollees from both institutions.

协作研究：植被组织与流域拓扑的交集：径流产生和流式出院的生态水文烙印E. E. Emanuel，阿巴拉契亚州立大学Brian L. McGlynn，蒙大拿州州立大学奖，根据2009年的《美国恢复和重新申请法》（公共法律111-5）资助。 植被在陆地景观的水平衡中起着关键作用。 导致这种复杂性的一个方面是植被的空间异质性。 特别是，植被空间分布对山坡和分水岭量表的径流过程的影响仍然很少了解，这在很大程度上是由于地面与陆地景观内部和植被之间的各种空间关系，结合了空间和时间上可变的蒸发和蒸发。 该研究项目将开发一个概念框架，该框架将植被视为在山坡和流域网络内的径流产生和溪流排放的时间内动态和空间异质控制。 该框架将通过基于强化的田间测量，空气中的光检测和范围（LIDAR）的测量以及耦合水文和生态生理过程的数值模拟进行测试。 蒙大拿州北部落基山脉和北卡罗来纳州南部阿巴拉契亚山脉的小（约500公顷）分水岭将充当带有溪流量规，镇定器和气象站的野外地点，以检测浅层地下水和流式流向植被活动（即对植被的特征）和植被的特征性（即植被的特征），以及植被的特征（即植被的特征）。山坡和流域）。 LIDAR将用于评估山坡和流域网络中植被的分布，从而为水文过程对这些尺度上植被的空间排列的敏感性提供了经验证据。数值建模将在编码在模型中的算法的约束中，在观测到的水文响应中，无论是在分水岭内还是之间，都可以理解生物学和物理过程的作用。 通过比较来自两个不同生物地理和气候区域的山坡和流域，该项目将对植被如何影响这些量表的水文过程有更广泛的了解，从而解决了在水文学和植被生态生态学的跨学科界面上的重要研究领域。 该项目的更广泛影响包括促进主要的本科机构的研究，培训未来的科学家，加强研究密集型和主要是本科机构之间的合作，为早期职业科学家的研究推进研究，并在地球科学中进行了多样化的参与。 在该项目的过程中，PIS还将为阿巴拉契亚州立大学（ASU）和蒙大拿州立大学（MSU）的学生开发和教授一门合作，基于现场的课程。 此外，研究项目将增加代表性不足的人群参与科学。 这两个PI都直接参与了为不足的人群提供研究机会和指导的计划，包括MSU的美洲印度研究机会计划和ASU的教职员工计划。 该项目将直接涉及两名教职员工，一位博士学位。学生，两名本科研究人员以及两个机构的大约二十个课程入学者。