CDI-Type II: Collaborative Research: Cyber Enhancement of Spatial Cognition for the Visually Impaired

CDI-Type II：协作研究：视觉障碍者空间认知的网络增强

• 批准号: 0835714
• 负责人: Kostas Daniilidis
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0835714&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CDI; Type; II; Collaborative; Research; CDI; Type; II; Collaborative; Research

Wayfinding is an essential capability for any person who wishes to have an independent life-style. It requires successful execution of several tasks including navigation and object and place recognition, all of which necessitate accurate assessment of the surrounding environment. For a visually-impaired person these tasks may be exceedingly difficult to accomplish and there are risks associated with failure in any of these. Guide dogs and white canes are widely used for the purpose of navigation and environment sensing, respectively. The former, however, has costly and often prohibitive training requirements, while the latter can only provide cues about obstacles in one?s surroundings. Human performance on visual information dependent tasks can be improved by sensing which provides information and environmental cues, such as position, orientation, local geometry, object description, via the use of appropriate sensors and sensor fusion algorithms. Most work on wayfinding aids has focused on outdoor environments and has led to the development of speech-enabled GPS-based navigation systems that provide information describing streets, addresses and points of interest. In contrast, the limited technology that is available for indoor navigation requires significant modification to the building infrastructure, whose high cost has prevented its wide use. This proposal adopts a multi-faceted approach for solving the indoor navigation problem for people with limited vision. It leverages expertise from robotics, computer vision, and blind spatial cognition with behavioral studies on interface design to guide the discovery of information requirements and optimal delivery methods for an indoor navigation system. Designing perception and navigation algorithms, implemented on miniature-size commercially-available hardware, while explicitly considering the spatial cognition capabilities of the visually impaired, will lead to the development of indoor navigation systems that will assist blind people in their wayfinding tasks while facilitating cognitive-map development.

寻路是任何希望拥有独立生活方式的人的重要能力。它需要成功执行多个任务，包括导航和对象和放置识别，所有这些都需要对周围环境进行准确的评估。对于视觉上受损的人来说，这些任务可能难以完成，并且其中任何一个都存在与失败有关的风险。导犬和白色的甘蔗分别用于导航和环境感应的目的。然而，前者的培训要求昂贵且经常过高，而后者只能为一个环境中的障碍提供线索。通过使用适当的传感器和传感器融合算法提供信息和环境线索，可以通过传感来改善视觉信息依赖性任务的人类绩效。大多数关于寻路辅助工具的工作都集中在户外环境上，并导致了基于语音的GPS导航系统的开发，这些导航系统提供了描述街道，地址和兴趣点的信息。相比之下，可用于室内导航的有限技术需要对建筑基础设施进行重大修改，该建筑基础设施的高成本阻止了其广泛使用。该提案采用了一种多方面的方法来解决视力有限的人的室内导航问题。它利用机器人技术，计算机视觉和盲目空间认知的专业知识，并通过界面设计的行为研究来指导室内导航系统的信息需求和最佳输送方法的发现。在微型大小的商业上可用的硬件上实现的设计知觉和导航算法，同时明确考虑视觉上障碍的空间认知能力，将导致室内导航系统的发展，这些系统将帮助盲人找到方向的任务，同时促进认知型塑料的发展。