Doctoral Dissertation Research: Chronology and Technological Styles of Nabataean and Roman Plasters and Mortars at Petra (Jordan)

博士论文研究：佩特拉（约旦）纳巴泰和罗马石膏和迫击炮的年代学和技术风格

• 批准号: 0808885
• 负责人: David Killick
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0808885&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Chronology; Technological

Under the direction of Dr. David killick, Mr. Khaled Al-Bashaireh will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He has collected a series of plasters, mortar and cement from the site of Petra, Jordan. These were used to cover the facades of its monuments and tombs, to bind sandstone bricks and to construct dams, water canals and cisterns. These materials will be analyzed at Yarmouk University and the University of Arizona to yield information on both their age and the materials and methods by which they were fabricated.The ancient city of Petra (Jordan) has long attracted travelers, explorers, archaeologists and movie makers. The city itself has a long and complex history and served for centuries as a center for trade. The Nabataean Arabs (a nomadic tribe from the Arabian peninsula who settled in the area and laid the foundations of a commercial empire that extended into Syria) established Petra around the 6th century BC. They dominated the lands of southern Jordan and carved temples, tombs and elaborated buildings out of solid rose-colored sandstone cliffs along the canyon walls. Petra was captured by the Romans in the first century AD and then by the Muslims in the seventh century. While the outlines of this history are well known, the detailed knowledge of the construction sequence are lacking because buildings and architectural features can be difficult to date. Radiocarbon analysis of plasters themselves and the organic materials contained within them provide one means to refine this sequence. Archaeologists also focus on the process of cultural change and interaction. They wish to understand how different cultures both maintain and develop their own traditions and how they borrow from and exchange information with others. One insight into this process can be obtained through the examination of technical knowledge. As Mr. Al-Bashaireh notes, Nabataeans, Romans and Muslims had distinct ways to make a series of mortars, plasters and cements and through analysis of materials collected from Petra it will be possible to trace changes in these products over time. Twenty nine samples of mortar, 46 plasters and relevant geological materials have been collected and will be studied. Composition, structure, porosity and combustion temperatures will be determined. A wide variety of analytic techniques will be employed.The research will both assist in training a promising scientist and also strengthening archaeological ties between US and Jordanian researchers.

在戴维·基里克（David Killick）博士的指导下，哈立德·阿尔·巴萨尔（Khaled Al-Bashaireh）先生将收集数据以供博士论文。他从约旦彼得拉（Petra）的遗址收集了一系列灰泥，砂浆和水泥。这些被用来覆盖其纪念碑和坟墓的立面，以结合砂岩砖并建造大坝，水运河和水箱。这些材料将在Yarmouk University和Arizona大学进行分析，以产生有关其年龄以及它们被制造的材料和方法的信息。彼得拉（Petra）的古城（约旦）长期以来吸引了旅行者，探险家，考古学家和电影制作者。该市本身拥有悠久而复杂的历史，并在数百年中担任贸易中心。纳巴泰阿拉伯人（来自阿拉伯半岛的游牧部落，他们定居在该地区，并在公元前6世纪左右建立了佩特拉（Petra）的商业帝国的基础）。他们在乔丹南部的土地上占据了主导地位，并从峡谷墙壁沿着坚固的玫瑰色砂岩悬崖旁雕刻的寺庙，坟墓和详细的建筑物占据了主导地位。彼得拉在公元一世纪被罗马人俘虏，然后在七世纪被穆斯林俘虏。尽管这一历史的概述是众所周知的，但由于建筑物和建筑特征可能很难约会，因此缺乏对施工顺序的详细知识。对纸片本身和其中包含的有机材料的放射性碳分析提供了一种完善此序列的方法。考古学家还专注于文化变革和互动的过程。他们希望了解不同的文化如何维护和发展自己的传统，以及他们如何从他人那里借款和交流信息。可以通过研究技术知识来获得对这一过程的洞察力。正如Al-Bashaireh先生所指出的那样，纳巴塔人，罗马人和穆斯林有不同的方法来制作一系列迫击炮，纸盘和水泥，并通过对彼得拉收集的材料的分析，随着时间的推移，可以追踪这些产品的变化。已收集了二十九个砂浆，46个灰泥和相关地质材料的样本，并将研究。将确定成分，结构，孔隙度和燃烧温度。将采用各种各样的分析技术。该研究将有助于培训有前途的科学家，并加强我们与约旦研究人员之间的考古关系。