Collaborative Research: The Siberian Traps and the end-Permian Extinction: Coincidence and Causality

合作研究：西伯利亚地盾与二叠纪末灭绝：巧合与因果关系

• 批准号: 0807585
• 负责人: Linda Elkins-Tanton
• 金额: $ 132.72万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0807585&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Siberian; Traps; end

This project address an important, and unresolved question in Earth evolution, i.e. did the eruption of the Siberian Large Igneous Province (LIP) a.k.a. Siberian Traps cause the Permo-Triassic extinction? In reality there are two questions at the heart of this proposal; what causes flood basalts and do flood basalts cause extinctions? These questions have been the subject of active research for several decades. One of the unique aspects of this project is that both are addressed simultaneously by an international team of experts whose goal is to gain an in-depth understanding of this LIP from its origin to both short-and long-term effects on Earth systems. The PIs will use a large suite of techniques: geochemistry, geothermometry, paleomagnetics, seismology, geodynamics, paleontology, and climate modeling to achieve their goal. Specifically, the PIs will: create high-precision eruption time scales for the entire volcanic succession, thus obtaining flux rates; quantify the volatile loads of the igneous rocks including lavas, intrusives, and in particular the voluminous tuffs; quantify volatile release from country rocks; begin to map the crustal and upper-mantle structure beneath the region using existing seismic data and geodynamical modeling; study the climatic consequences of sulfur injection and buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide; and continue detailed studies of the end-Permian extinction, using paleontology, stable isotope geochemistry, and geochronology.Broader Impacts:The PI team consists of scientists from 7 different countries. A central repository will be created for samples obtained under this project. Information will be maintained on the web and material made available to other scientists. A documentary film producer associated with the National Geographic Corporation will be in the field with the PIs gathering footage for a film about the project. Additional coverage is will be provided through the American Museum of Natural History?s Science Bulletins, short films about current research that are shown at the AMNH and distributed to over 40 science centers and museums around the world.

该项目解决了地球演化中一个重要且尚未解决的问题，即西伯利亚大型火成岩省（LIP）（又名西伯利亚陷阱）的喷发是否导致了二叠纪-三叠纪灭绝？ 事实上，该提案的核心有两个问题： 是什么导致了溢流玄武岩？溢流玄武岩会导致灭绝吗？ 几十年来，这些问题一直是人们积极研究的主题。 该项目的独特之处之一是，国际专家团队同时解决了这两个问题，其目标是深入了解 LIP 从其起源到对地球系统的短期和长期影响。 PI 将使用大量技术：地球化学、地温测量、古地磁学、地震学、地球动力学、古生物学和气候建模来实现其目标。 具体来说，PI 将： 为整个火山序列创建高精度的喷发时间尺度，从而获得通量率；量化火成岩的挥发性负荷，包括熔岩、侵入岩，特别是大量凝灰岩；量化围岩中的挥发物释放量；开始利用现有的地震数据和地球动力学模型绘制该区域下方的地壳和上地幔结构图；研究硫注入和大气二氧化碳累积的气候后果；并利用古生物学、稳定同位素地球化学和地质年代学继续对二叠纪末灭绝进行详细研究。 更广泛的影响：PI 团队由来自 7 个不同国家的科学家组成。 将为该项目下获得的样本创建一个中央存储库。 信息将保存在网络上，并向其他科学家提供材料。 与国家地理公司相关的纪录片制片人将与 PI 一起前往现场，为有关该项目的电影收集镜头。 美国自然历史博物馆的《科学公报》将提供更多报道，这些短片是有关当前研究的短片，在 AMNH 上放映并分发到世界各地 40 多个科学中心和博物馆。