Enhanced combustion with nano-sized catalytically active particles

使用纳米级催化活性颗粒增强燃烧

• 批准号: 0755740
• 负责人: Howard Pearlman
• 金额: $ 33.75万
• 依托单位: Drexel University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0755740&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Enhanced; combustion; nano; sized; catalytically

CBET-0755740Pearlman The research seeks to investigate scientific aspects of nanocatalytic combustion that are necessary for creating palm-size electric generators. Such portable power devices could be recharged quickly and fueled with high-energy-density liquid fuels (e.g., methanol: 22 MJ/kg, ethanol: 25 MJ/kg) compared to batteries (~0.5 MJ/kg), potentially valuable for many applications. One key is to use catalytic combustion, and the high reactivity of nano-sized catalytic metal particles could reduce the amount of catalyst needed, reduce the required operating temperatures, reduce heat loss, and increase overall system efficiency. In light of all of their advantages, too little is however known about the specifics that control the increased reactivity observed using nano-sized catalytic particles. To improve fundamental understanding of the reactivity of nano-sized catalytic particles and enable their use in commercial technology, proposed study would involve an experimental investigation of catalytic combustion utilizing nano-sized particles in a flow reactor. The PIs have conducted preliminary experiments to demonstrate low light-off temperatures and low-temperature oxidation of methanol in a quartz-tube reactor, and they now propose to study the effects of catalyst particle size, catalyst mass loading, and catalyst deactivation systematically. Proposed experiments will characterize the combustion process in the catalytic bed reactor from temperature measurements and the catalyst by ex-situ analysis using SEM and TEM. Additionally, design and characterization of a meso-scale reactor in a planar geometry is proposed, interfacing with a thermo-electric generator as a means of palm-size electric generator. Modeling will be carried out utilizing commercial computational-fluid-dynamics software coupled with the Surface CHEMKIN chemical-kinetics model.In additional to the scientific and technological impact of this work, it provides a valuable opportunity to train students in the promising area of catalytic combustion. Special attention will be given to attracting students from under-represented groups who might not otherwise consider advanced education or combustion science through existing programs at Drexel. Current outreach programs at Drexel University work with Philadelphia and Delaware Middle and High School teachers (MSP, RET) and will be enhanced with exercises in combustion, catalysis, nanotechnology and energy issues. By introducing these issues to a broad group of largely under-represented minority students, it will hopefully help them to further their interest in STEM fields.

CBET-0755740PEARLMAN研究旨在研究纳米催化燃烧的科学方面，这些方面对于创建棕榈大小的发电机是必需的。与电池（〜0.5 MJ/kg）相比，这种便携式电源设备可以快速充电，并用高能密度液体燃料（例如甲醇：22 mJ/kg，乙醇：25 mJ/kg）加油。 一个关键是使用催化燃烧，纳米大小的催化金属颗粒的高反应性可以减少所需的催化剂量，降低所需的工作温度，降低热量损失并提高整体系统效率。鉴于它们的所有优势，对于控制使用纳米大小的催化颗粒观察到的反应性增加的细节知之甚少。为了提高对纳米尺寸催化颗粒的反应性的基本了解并使它们在商业技术中的使用，提出的研究将涉及利用流动反应器中纳米尺寸颗粒的催化燃烧的实验研究。 PI进行了初步实验，以证明在石英管反应器中甲醇的低光温度和低温氧化，现在他们建议研究催化剂粒径，催化剂质量负荷和催化剂的效果。提出的实验将通过使用SEM和TEM进行的，催化剂的催化床反应器和催化剂的催化床反应器中的燃烧过程。此外，提出了在平面几何形状中使用中尺度反应器的设计和表征，并与热电动发生器接口作为棕榈大小发电机的手段。建模将利用商业计算流体动力学软件以及Surface Chemkin Chemical-Kinetics Model。在这项工作的科学和技术影响外，它还为在有希望的催化燃烧领域培训学生提供了宝贵的机会。将特别注意吸引来自代表性不足的团体的学生，他们可能不会通过Drexel的现有计划考虑高级教育或燃烧科学。德雷克塞尔大学（Drexel University）的当前外展计划与费城和特拉华州中学教师（MSP，ret）合作，并通过燃烧，催化，纳米技术和能源问题的练习来增强。通过将这些问题介绍给一群很大一部分代表性不足的少数民族学生，这将有望帮助他们促进他们对STEM领域的兴趣。