Are there Evolutionary Consequences of Genetic-based Feedbacks between Plants and Soils?

植物和土壤之间基于遗传的反馈是否存在进化后果？

• 批准号: 0743437
• 负责人: Jennifer Schweitzer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-15 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0743437&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: there; Evolutionary; Consequences; Genetic; based

Ecosystems provide many services to humans, including maintaining soil integrity and fertility. An important question for scientists regarding the services that ecosystems provide is "do species matter" to these services? The increasing availability of DNA technologies has allowed researchers to determine not only if species matter but also if individuals within species also differentially influence their environment? By utilizing three 16-year old experimental gardens of cottonwood trees planted in 3 different environments, this research will determine whether cloned copies of cottonwood individuals (genotypes) can predictably influence soil fertility in unique ways. By addressing this question across three different environments that vary in temperature and precipitation, the strength of the feedback between individual trees and their soils can be determined. In addition, the research will provide information on how the relationships could be modified by climate change. It is expected that unique leaf and root traits of individual clones will predictably impact soil fertility, regardless of environment, although the magnitude of these effects will likely differ as climatic conditions change.Understanding the genetic basis of interactions between plants and soils is important for at least two reasons: 1) By providing a better understanding of the effects of genetic variation in forest species on ecosystem services, it will lead to improved management and conservation strategies under the current climate and future climate scenarios; 2) Documenting the consequences of plant genetics on soils may provide insight on the extended effects of genetically modified plants. Graduate and undergraduate students will be trained in the course of this research and the results disseminated to both the scientific community and the public via publications, talks and a public website.

生态系统为人类提供许多服务，包括维持土壤完整性和肥力。对于科学家来说，关于生态系统提供的服务的一个重要问题是“物种对这些服务重要吗？” DNA 技术的日益普及使研究人员不仅能够确定物种是否重要，还能确定物种内的个体是否也会对其环境产生不同的影响？ 通过利用在 3 个不同环境中种植的三个 16 年树龄的三叶杨实验花园，这项研究将确定三叶杨个体（基因型）的克隆副本是否能够以独特的方式可预测地影响土壤肥力。 通过在温度和降水量不同的三种不同环境中解决这个问题，可以确定个体树木与其土壤之间的反馈强度。 此外，该研究还将提供有关气候变化如何改变这种关系的信息。 预计，无论环境如何，单个克隆的独特叶和根性状都将影响土壤肥力，尽管这些影响的程度可能会随着气候条件的变化而有所不同。了解植物和土壤之间相互作用的遗传基础对于至少有两个原因：1）通过更好地了解森林物种遗传变异对生态系统服务的影响，它将导致在当前气候和未来气候情景下改进管理和保护策略； 2) 记录植物遗传学对土壤的影响可能有助于了解转基因植物的延伸影响。 研究生和本科生将在这项研究过程中接受培训，研究结果将通过出版物、讲座和公共网站向科学界和公众传播。