Fluid mechanics of grab/release and volume scavenging instabilities:

抓取/释放和体积清除不稳定性的流体力学：

• 批准号: 0653831
• 负责人: Paul Steen
• 金额: $ 21万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0653831&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fluid; mechanics; grab; release; volume

CBET-0653831P. H. Steen, Cornell University - EndowedSurface tension at a liquid/gas interface is known to be cohesive and liquid capillarity at small scales exerts an attraction between adjacent solids. The super-adhesion exhibited by the palm beetle is capillarity-based. Its ability to grab and release depends on manipulating a large number N of small volumes of liquid held by surface tension. This study of the fluid mechanics of release has a focus on the volume-scavenging instabilities that can occur when two or more capillary surfaces (e.g. droplets) connect, enabling volume exchange. Modeling and computation will provide the scientific basis for the target task -- to experimentally realize a man-made adhesive pad inspired by the beetle -- and to better understand the beetle's remarkable capability. Intellectual merit. The normally weak force of surface tension can be effectively amplified by parallel action. The palm beetle, an insect native to Florida, exhibits extra-ordinary adhesion ('super-adhesion') as a defense mechanism using just this strategy. Its stickiness derives from making contact with 120,000 tiny droplets of oil. Together, these little liquid bridges make a bond that can withstand a force up to 100 times the beetle's body weight. Perhaps, most surprisingly, this bond can be released in less than a second. How does the beetle release itself? Provided volume exchange between liquid bridges is possible, one bridge can scavenge volume from its neighbors. When does this instability occur and, if it does occur, can it ease detachment? Can scavenging be avoided or enhanced in a man-made device? It is proposed to answer these questions. They belong to a study of the stability of a system of N coupled nonlinear liquid components. Statics gives the energy landscape and the dynamics of volume transfer is important when scavenging competes with the detachment time-scale.Broader Impacts. Nature provides a variety of controllable adhesion examples (house-fly, gecko, etc). The beetle is distinguished by its control of pico-liter volumes of liquid oil. Understanding the beetle's mechanism(s) of release is (are) important not only to the naturalist but to the engineer. The feasibility of man-made adhesives, of strength per unit weight comparable to what the beetle exhibits and that can be turned on/off (grab/release) on the order of a second, is addressed by the proposed study. Hence, immediate impact will be on man's capability to build a switchable super-adhesive pad for a breadth of applications (ceiling-hanging robotic devices and so forth). More broadly, it is well-accepted that adhesion between two solids and spreading at a liquid-solid interface are closely related to the issue of friction between moving parts and dissipation in the liquid coating of solids. More efficient coating processes would impact both industrial production and daily human activities. The highest level impact will be on the science base for understanding the stability of systems of N-coupled capillary elements. Finally, an impact through education of students will accrue from the study, as well as outreach to the public. Numerous accounts of nature-inspired technology in the popular press strike a positive chord, as they should.

CBET-0653831P。 H. Steen，康奈尔大学 - 已知液体/气体界面处的表面张力具有内聚力，小尺度的液体毛细管现象会在相邻固体之间产生吸引力。棕榈甲虫表现出的超粘附力是基于毛细作用的。它抓取和释放的能力取决于操纵由表面张力保持的大量N个小体积液体。这项释放流体力学的研究重点关注当两个或多个毛细管表面（例如液滴）连接从而实现体积交换时可能发生的体积清除不稳定性。建模和计算将为目标任务提供科学基础——实验性地实现受甲虫启发的人造粘合垫——并更好地了解甲虫的非凡能力。智力上的优点。通过平行作用可以有效地放大通常较弱的表面张力。棕榈甲虫是一种原产于佛罗里达州的昆虫，它表现出非凡的粘附力（“超级粘附力”）作为仅使用这种策略的防御机制。它的粘性来自于与 120,000 个微小油滴的接触。这些小液桥结合在一起形成的粘合力可以承受甲虫体重 100 倍的力。也许，最令人惊讶的是，这种结合可以在不到一秒的时间内释放。甲虫如何释放自己？如果液桥之间的体积交换是可能的，则一个桥可以从邻近的液桥中清除体积。这种不稳定何时发生？如果确实发生，是否可以缓解脱离？可以在人造装置中避免或增强清除作用吗？建议回答这些问题。它们属于 N 耦合非线性液体组件系统稳定性的研究。当清除与分离时间尺度竞争时，静力学给出了能量景观，并且体积传递的动态非常重要。更广泛的影响。大自然提供了各种可控粘附的例子（家蝇、壁虎等）。甲虫的特点是能够控制皮升体积的液体油。了解甲虫的释放机制不仅对博物学家而且对工程师都很重要。拟议的研究解决了人造粘合剂的可行性，其单位重量的强度与甲虫所表现出的强度相当，并且可以在大约一秒内打开/关闭（抓取/释放）。因此，直接影响将是人类为广泛的应用（天花板悬挂的机器人设备等）构建可切换的超级粘合垫的能力。更广泛地说，人们普遍认为两种固体之间的粘附和液固界面上的铺展与运动部件之间的摩擦和固体液体涂层中的耗散问题密切相关。更高效的涂层工艺将影响工业生产和日常人类活动。最高级别的影响将在于了解 N 耦合毛细管元件系统稳定性的科学基础。最后，研究以及对公众的宣传将对学生教育产生影响。大众媒体对受自然启发的技术的大量报道引起了积极的共鸣，这是理所应当的。