Semantic and Contextual Composition: Processing and Neurological Underpinnings

语义和语境构成：处理和神经学基础

• 批准号: 0643266
• 负责人: Maria Pinango
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-15 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0643266&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Semantic; Contextual; Composition; Processing; Neurological

Through a series of psychological and neuroimaging studies Dr. Maria M. Pinango will investigate how and where the brain decodes the information of a sentence in real-time, that is, as the sentence unfolds. Two experimental lines will be carried out: a psychological line and a neuroimaging line. Through the psychological line she will determine how the comprehension system reveals the processing of the different kinds of information contained in a sentence: syntactic, semantic and conceptual. Pinango's research model predicts that information about sentence structure (syntactic) is done immediately and with no cost, whereas information about the meaning information (semantic) takes time to develop and demands more computation. Finally, Pinango's model predicts that the process of placing the content of a sentence (conceptual information) into the larger context of what speakers know about the world is yet a costlier process as it requires the comprehension system to leave the language system and place the meaning of the sentence into the larger and richer conceptual system. Through the neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) line it will be determined how and where in the brain this parallel decoding of syntactic, semantic and conceptual information takes place. This research connects to important questions in linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive neurology and neuroscience. On the medical side, the research has implications for the study of brain pathologies as it seeks to answer the question of why on the one hand, special populations such as Alzheimer's patients, Schizophrenia patients have what appear to be intact linguistic ability yet are unable to fully comprehend sentences and, why on the other, cerebro-vascular patients such as Broca's aphasic patients have true linguistic impairments yet are able to show normal-like sentence comprehension. The project provides a unique opportunity for undergraduate students to receive intensive training in the demanding task of investigating a model of linguistic organization from the perspective of brain organization. In doing so it supports the crucial collaboration between researchers in linguistics and neuroscience at Yale University.

通过一系列的心理和神经影像学研究，玛丽亚·潘甘戈（Maria M. Pinango）博士将研究大脑如何以及在何处实时解码句子的信息，即随着句子的展开。将进行两条实验线：心理线和神经影像线。通过心理线，她将确定理解系统如何揭示句子中包含的不同信息的处理：句法，语义和概念。 Pinango的研究模型预测，有关句子结构（句法）的信息是立即完成的，而无需成本，而有关含义信息（语义）的信息（语义）需要时间来开发和要求更多的计算。最后，Pinango的模型预测，将句子（概念信息）的内容（概念信息）的内容纳入更大的上下文中，说话者对世界的了解仍然是一个昂贵的过程，因为它要求理解系统离开语言系统并置于含义句子纳入更大，更丰富的概念体系。通过神经影像学（功能磁共振成像）线，将确定这种句法，语义和概念信息的平行解码发生在大脑中。 这项研究与语言学，人工智能，认知神经病学和神经科学方面的重要问题联系在一起。在医学方面，这项研究对脑部病理的研究具有影响，因为它试图回答为什么一方面的问题，例如阿尔茨海默氏症患者，精神分裂症患者具有完整的语言能力，但无法实现。完全理解句子，另一方面，诸如Broca失语症患者之类的小脑血管患者具有真正的语言障碍，但能够表现出正常的句子理解。该项目为本科生提供了一个独特的机会，可以从大脑组织的角度进行艰巨的培训，以调查语言组织的模型。这样一来，它支持耶鲁大学的语言学研究人员与神经科学研究人员之间的关键合作。