Collaborative Research: Hyperdiverse Endolichenic and Endophytic Fungi: A Large-scale, Multi-gene Phylogenetic Survey and Estimation of Trophic Transition Networks

合作研究：高度多样化的内生真菌：大规模、多基因系统发育调查和营养转变网络的估计

• 批准号: 0640996
• 负责人: Anne Arnold
• 金额: $ 15.34万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-15 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0640996&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hyperdiverse; Endolichenic; Endophytic

Healthy leaves of plants are inhabited by a hyperdiversity of fungi - endophytic fungi - that are mostly unknown to science, but which frequently protect plants from pathogens, herbivores and environmental stressors. Preliminary research revealed that endophyte-like fungi also live within the thalli of asymptomatic lichens. These endolichenic fungi are also hyperdiverse and mostly unknown. Because lichens are thought to have originated earlier than most land plants, lichen thalli may have been (1) the first hosts of these cryptic fungi and (2) the substrate in which most of the early diversification of endophytic and endolichenic lineages took place. The goals of this study are to document endophytic and endolichenic fungal diversity, to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of these previously unknown taxa, and to estimate the directionality and frequency with which major fungal lineages have switched hosts and trophic modes, generating a framework for future hypotheses regarding the evolution of mutualism and virulence. Broader impacts include support for three female graduate students in systematics, training for four undergraduates, and development of (1) a web-accessible, tree-referenced sequence and alignment database, (2) a searchable website highlighting the fungal symbiont diversity in six newly-studied biological provinces, and (3) a new software application to improve the visualization and interpretability of complex phylogenetic results.

植物的健康叶子栖息在科学大多数不知道的真菌 - 内生真菌的高多样性中，但经常保护植物免受病原体，食草动物和环境压力的侵害。初步研究表明，内生菌样真菌也生活在无症状地衣的thalli中。这些内醇的真菌也是超多样的，并且大多是未知的。 由于地衣被认为比大多数陆地植物早于大多数地衣，所以地衣thalli可能是（1）这些神秘的真菌的第一批宿主，以及（2）底物，大多数早期内生和内酚谱系的早期多样化发生了。这项研究的目标是记录内生和内醇的真菌多样性，重建这些以前未知类群的系统发育关系，并估计主要真菌谱系切换宿主和营养模式的主要真菌谱系的方向性和频率，从而为未来的假设产生了关于互动和毒力的进化的框架。更广泛的影响包括对三名女研究生的系统学领域的支持，四个大学生的培训以及（1）一个可访问，树木参考的序列和对齐数据库的开发，（2）可搜索的网站强调了Fungal Sommbiont的多样性，该网站在六个新知识的生物学省份中的六个新软件构造，以及改善了新的软件构造和新的软件构造，并改善了新型软件。