Collaborative Research: Hyperdiverse Endolichenic and Endophytic Fungi: A Large-scale, Multi-gene Phylogenetic Survey and Estimation of Trophic Transition Networks

合作研究：高度多样化的内生真菌：大规模、多基因系统发育调查和营养转变网络的估计

• 批准号: 0640996
• 负责人: Anne Arnold
• 金额: $ 15.34万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-15 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0640996&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Hyperdiverse; Endolichenic; Endophytic

Healthy leaves of plants are inhabited by a hyperdiversity of fungi - endophytic fungi - that are mostly unknown to science, but which frequently protect plants from pathogens, herbivores and environmental stressors. Preliminary research revealed that endophyte-like fungi also live within the thalli of asymptomatic lichens. These endolichenic fungi are also hyperdiverse and mostly unknown. Because lichens are thought to have originated earlier than most land plants, lichen thalli may have been (1) the first hosts of these cryptic fungi and (2) the substrate in which most of the early diversification of endophytic and endolichenic lineages took place. The goals of this study are to document endophytic and endolichenic fungal diversity, to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of these previously unknown taxa, and to estimate the directionality and frequency with which major fungal lineages have switched hosts and trophic modes, generating a framework for future hypotheses regarding the evolution of mutualism and virulence. Broader impacts include support for three female graduate students in systematics, training for four undergraduates, and development of (1) a web-accessible, tree-referenced sequence and alignment database, (2) a searchable website highlighting the fungal symbiont diversity in six newly-studied biological provinces, and (3) a new software application to improve the visualization and interpretability of complex phylogenetic results.

健康的植物叶子上栖息着高度多样性的真菌——内生真菌，这些真菌大多不为科学所知，但它们经常保护植物免受病原体、食草动物和环境压力的侵害。初步研究表明，内生菌类真菌也生活在无症状地衣的菌体中。这些内生真菌也高度多样化，而且大多是未知的。 由于地衣被认为比大多数陆地植物起源更早，因此地衣菌体可能是（1）这些隐秘真菌的第一宿主，以及（2）内生和内生地衣谱系大部分早期多样化发生的基质。这项研究的目标是记录内生和内生真菌的多样性，重建这些以前未知的分类单元的系统发育关系，并估计主要真菌谱系转换宿主和营养模式的方向性和频率，为未来的假设建立一个框架关于互利共生和毒力的进化。更广泛的影响包括支持三名系统学女研究生，培训四名本科生，以及开发（1）一个可通过网络访问的树参考序列和比对数据库，（2）一个可搜索的网站，强调六个新领域中真菌共生体的多样性。 -研究生物省份，以及（3）一种新的软件应用程序，以提高复杂系统发育结果的可视化和可解释性。