Investigation of the Contemporary and Paleo Climates of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

南极洲麦克默多干谷的当代和古气候调查

• 批准号: 0636523
• 负责人: David Bromwich
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0636523&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigation; Contemporary; Paleo; Climates; McMurdo

The Office of Polar Program, Antarctic Science Divison, Ocean & Climate Systems Program has made this award to suppport a series of atmospheric modeling exercises for examining climate variability in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region. Various implementations of the Polar MM5 atmospheric model that has been adapted for polar conditions will be used to characterize spatial and temporal variability of the contemporary climate and its controlling mechanisms. Boundary conditions for the model will be adjusted to address the question of how lakes much larger than the current ones persisted in the Dry Valleys during the last Glacial Maximum and into the Holocene despite nearby ice core evidence suggesting an annual mean temperature 4-8 degree C cooler than present. A nested modeling approach will be undertaken with larger scale conditions provided by archived model runs from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System that is a collaborative experimental numerical weather forecasting project focused on Antarctica and having resolution that varies regionally from 60-km to 2.2-km. To study contemporary spatial and temporal variability, the PI will nest a 1-km horizontal resolution version of Polar MM5 that extends in 32 levels from the surface to the stratosphere with output at hourly intervals for a full year interval. Interannual variability and larger-scale (El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode) climate interactions will be assessed over the melt season with lesser horizontal resolution (2-km) simulations from 1985 to the present. To address the paleo question, the LGM topography will be employed and ice and humidity adjusted to simulate paleo conditions. The PI demonstrated in the proposal that an existing 2.2-km implementation of Polar MM5 could be adjusted in logical ways to obtain closer agreement with Automatic Weather Station observations in the Dry Valleys. This lends confidence that proposed additional improvements including proper land type depiction, reduced model reinitializations and parameterizing the effects of shading and slope aspect on the amount of solar radiation will result significant progress in modeling capabilities and understanding of Dry Valley climate variability. Broader impacts: The outcome of this project could have important implications for ongoing Long-Term Ecological Research projects in the Dry Valleys. Results from the proposed project are to be posted on a local web site and given to the National Snow & Ice Data Center for broader dissemination. This proposal constitutes the first NSF support obtained by the PI who currently has postdoctoral status at Ohio State University hence it provides early career support. The material generated by this project will be used in university lectures by the co-PI and it is intended to be used in outreach efforts in the form of visits with lectures to Columbus Public Schools whose student bodies are made of a dominant fraction of underrepresented groups. Collaboration with the Byrd Polar Research Center outreach coordinator is intended to yield data and visualization materials for middle and high school student visitors to the Center and eventually an LTER DVD intended for teachers.

南极科学鸿沟，海洋与气候系统计划的极地计划办公室已获得该奖项，以支持一系列大气建模练习，以检查McMurdo Dry Valleys地区的气候变化。已适用于极性条件的极地MM5大气模型的各种实现将用于表征当代气候及其控制机制的空间和时间变化。 该模型的边界条件将进行调整，以解决以下问题：尽管附近的冰核证据表明，尽管附近的冰核证据表明，年平均温度为4-8度C凉，但在最后一个冰川最大值期间，在干山谷中持续存在的湖泊如何持续到全新世。 嵌套建模方法将使用来自南极中尺度预测系统的存档模型运行提供的较大规模条件，这是一个协作实验性的数值天气预测项目，该项目集中于南极，并具有从60公里到2.2 km的区域变化的分辨率。 为了研究当代的空间和时间变异性，PI将嵌套1公里的Polar MM5水平分辨率版本，该版本从地表到平流层延伸32个水平，每小时以每小时的时间间隔输出，以进行整整一年的间隔。 从1985年到现在，将通过较小的水平分辨率（2公里）模拟来评估年际变异性和较大尺度（El Nino-Southern振荡和南环模式）的气候相互作用。 为了解决古问题，将采用LGM地形，并调整冰和湿度以模拟古条件。 PI在提案中证明，现有的2.2公里极性MM5的实施可以通过逻辑方式进行调整，以与干山谷中的自动气象站观测达成更紧密的一致性。 这使信心提出了额外的改进，包括适当的土地类型描绘，减少模型重新定位以及参数化阴影和斜率方面对太阳辐射量的影响，将在建模能力和对干谷气候变异性的理解方面取得重大进展。 更广泛的影响：该项目的结果可能对干谷中正在进行的长期生态研究项目具有重要意义。 拟议项目的结果将发布在当地网站上，并送给国家雪与冰数据中心以进行更广泛的传播。 该提案构成了PI获得的第一个NSF支持，该支持目前在俄亥俄州立大学拥有博士后状态，因此提供了早期的职业支持。 该项目产生的材料将由Co-Pi在大学讲座中使用，旨在以向哥伦布公立学校讲座的访问形式用于外展工作，他们的学生团体是由代表性不足的群体组成的主要部分。 与伯德极地研究中心外展协调员的合作旨在为中心的中学和高中学生访问者提供数据和可视化材料，并最终为教师提供零售DVD。