Coastal Wetland Hydroecology: Multi-scale Links Between Near-surface Hydrologic Processes and Vegetation

沿海湿地水文生态学：近地表水文过程与植被之间的多尺度联系

• 批准号: 0634709
• 负责人: Steven Gorelick
• 金额: $ 40.72万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-15 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0634709&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coastal; Wetland; Hydroecology; Multi; scale

Coastal wetlands are critical environments for which hydrogeologic processes are poorly appreciated. We propose fundamental hydrologic-science research to understand the functional links between coastal wetland vegetation and transport processes involving subsurface water, dissolved salt, and heat. We hope to test the hypothesis that a plant "engineers" a beneficial environment, in part by controlling local salinity and soil moisture in a positive feedback system. We propose to study a salt marsh in the Palo Alto Baylands where we can engage in a combination of intensive field monitoring, low-altitude high resolution thermal and visual remote-sensing, and quantitative analysis based on multi-scale simulation. Our investigation would include inherent matters of spatial and temporal variability. Three nested models spanning scales from a single plant to a vegetation patch to the larger salt-marsh system will aid in quantifying the physical controls on the marsh-plant system. Based on two years of original field data for calibration, our models would quantify fluxes of water, salt, and heat on multiple scales. These models will enable us to test hypothesis and identify key controls on wetland hydroecology and to evaluate potential environmental impacts. This project will contribute to hydrologic science by providing data and multi-process models that will be broadly applicable to other salt-marsh environments. Potential contributions include understanding species-specific hydrologic response, which will improve understanding of physical controls on ecosystem function. Quantification of local gradients and their causes would provide insight into the role of near-surface hydrogeology in binding adjacent plant patches into a united ecologic community. Our salt-marsh system model can be used to explore scenarios related to restoration and environmental change. Our data and modeling results might improve quantification of near-shore submarine groundwater discharge. Outreach will be achieved via publications and presentations. The Baylands Nature Interpretive Center has agreed to provide us with a venue for public/private workshops on wetland hydroecology and the scientific basis for wetland restoration. Our proposed research cuts across disciplinary boundaries by contributing to the fields of coastal ecology and biogeochemistry by helping to better identify fluxes and hyporheic exchange of water, solute, and heat that are of interest to wetland and marine ecologists and biogeochemists. Our results are also of interest to those in the fields of landscape ecology, plant physiology, benthic zoology, near-shore marine ecology, and coastal engineering.

沿海湿地是至关重要的环境，对水文地质过程的赞赏很差。我们提出了基本的水文科学研究，以了解沿海湿地植被与涉及地下水，溶解盐和热量的运输过程之间的功能联系。我们希望检验以下假设：植物“工程师”是一种有益的环境，部分是通过控制正反馈系统中的局部盐分和土壤水分。我们建议在帕洛阿尔托·巴兰德（Palo Alto Baylands）研究盐沼，在那里我们可以组合强化现场监测，低空高分辨率的高分辨率热和视觉遥感以及基于多尺度模拟的定量分析。我们的调查将包括空间和时间变异性的固有问题。从单个植物到植被斑块再到较大的盐 - 沼泽系统的三种嵌套型号将有助于量化沼泽植物系统上的物理控制。基于两年的原始现场数据进行校准，我们的模型将在多个尺度上量化水，盐和热量的通量。这些模型将使我们能够检验假设并确定对湿地水力生态学的关键控制并评估潜在的环境影响。该项目将通过提供广泛适用于其他盐 - 沼泽环境的数据和多进程模型来促进水文科学。潜在的贡献包括了解物种特异性的水文反应，这将改善对生态系统功能的物理控制的理解。量化局部梯度及其原因将提供洞悉近地面水文地质学在将相邻植物斑块结合到联合生态社区中的作用。我们的盐污染系统模型可用于探索与恢复和环境变化有关的方案。我们的数据和建模结果可能会改善近岸海底地下水排放的量化。外展将通过出版物和演示来实现。 Baylands Nature解释中心已同意为我们提供有关湿地水力学的公共/私人研讨会的场所，以及湿地恢复的科学基础。我们提出的研究通过帮助更好地识别湿地和海洋生态学家和生物地球化学家感兴趣的水，溶质和热量的助学领域和生物地球化学领域来削减跨学科边界。在景观生态学，植物生理学，底栖动物学，近岸海洋生态学和沿海工程领域的人们也感兴趣的结果也引起了人们的兴趣。