Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Market Integration, Stress, and Child Health among the Tsimane' of the Bolivian Amazon

博士论文改进：玻利维亚亚马逊提斯曼人的市场一体化、压力和儿童健康

• 批准号: 0622576
• 负责人: Thomas McDade
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0622576&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Market; Integration

Given the rapid pace and expanding reach of globalization, stress may represent an important biological pathway by which economic and cultural transition affects health and reflects changes in quality of life. A focus on children is particularly important in studying the health consequences of stress because many stress-related diseases/disorders have their origins during growth and development. Individual differences in the stress response may, in turn, influence how well children adapt to a rapidly-changing ecological and sociocultural environment in the face of globalization. This study will provide a critical piece of this puzzle, by testing whether increased integration into the regional market economy and associated cultural and lifestyle changes are associated with increased stress among Tsimane' children of the Bolivian Amazon. The specific objectives of this study are: to document variation in the stress response of Tsimane' children; to explore the effect of market integration, culture change, and family environment on differential patterns in the stress response and; to investigate stress levels as a predictor of downstream health outcomes of infection and growth.By using objective biomarkers of the stress response and innovative cognitive anthropological methods to define culturally-salient sources of stress, this study will elucidate how the shifting social-cultural contexts of culture change "get under the skin" to affect stress and health in Tsimane' children. The Tsimane' are an ideal population in which to study the associations between market integration, stress, and health because there is a range of variation across villages in regard to proximity, exposure to, and involvement in market activities, subsistence practices, household economic resources, and changes in lifestyle associated with culture change.By employing multiple measures of stress and culture change beyond strictly ecological comparisons, this research will illuminate the nuances of the transition to the market economy that have the most significant implications for child stress and contribute to our understanding of the health consequences of globalization. This study will present a framework for studying stress and health that links culture, the individual, and biology and will provide a 'roadmap' to understanding the impact of immediate stressors as well as child-level factors in differential patterns of the stress response, permitting a privileged glimpse into the social challenges in the everyday lives of children. In addition, this developmental perspective will shed light on how children's' mental and physiologic faculties adapt to the stresses of a changing ecological, cultural, and political-economic milieu.This research will contribute to the infrastructure of science by providing hands-on training and completion of the co-PI's dissertation research. In addition to providing the opportunity for collaboration with an international community of scholars from South America, Europe, and the United States, this work will also promote the local scientific infrastructure of Bolivia through collaboration with local indigenous scholars. This research will be among the first to explore potential developmental stress mechanisms through which rapid culture change may erode health and biological function, and is well-positioned to inform global policy related to child health.

鉴于全球化的快速速度和扩大的影响力，压力可能代表着一种重要的生物学途径，经济和文化过渡会影响健康并反映生活质量的变化。对儿童的关注对于研究压力的健康后果尤为重要，因为许多与压力有关的疾病/疾病在成长和发展过程中具有起源。反过来，压力反应的个体差异可能会影响孩子在全球化时如何适应儿童对生态和社会文化的快速变化。这项研究将通过测试增加与区域市场经济的整合以及相关的文化和生活方式的变化是否与玻利维亚亚马逊省TSIMANE儿童的压力增加有关，从而提供了这一难题的关键部分。这项研究的具体目的是：记录Tsimane儿童的压力反应的变化；探索市场一体化，文化变化和家庭环境对压力反应中差异模式的影响；通过使用应力反应的客观生物标志物和创新的认知人类学方法来定义压力的文化压力来源，这项研究将如何阐明转移的社会文化背景如何，以研究压力和增长的下游健康结果的预测。培养的变化“使皮肤在皮肤下”，以影响Tsimane儿童的压力和健康。 Tsimane'是一个理想的人群，可以研究市场一体化，压力和健康之间的关联，因为在接近，接触和参与市场活动，生存实践，家庭经济资源方面，村庄之间存在一系列差异，以及与文化变化相关的生活方式的变化。通过采取多种压力和文化的度量，超出严格的生态比较，这项研究将阐明向市场经济过渡到市场经济的细微差别，这些细微了解全球化的健康后果。这项研究将提出一个研究压力和健康的框架，该框架将文化，个体和生物学联系起来，并将提供“路线图”，以了解直接压力源的影响以及在压力反应的差异模式下的儿童水平因素，从而允许特权瞥见儿童日常生活中的社会挑战。此外，这种发展的观点将阐明儿童的心理和生理能力如何适应不断变化的生态，文化和政治经济环境的压力。这项研究将通过提供动手培训和提供动手培训和提供动手培训和科学的基础设施。完成CO-PI的论文研究完成。除了提供与来自南美，欧洲和美国国际学者的国际社会合作的机会外，这项工作还将通过与当地土著学者合作来促进玻利维亚的当地科学基础设施。这项研究将是最早探索潜在的发育压力机制的研究之一，通过这些变化可能会侵蚀健康和生物学功能，并有充分的态度，以告知与儿童健康有关的全球政策。