Empirical Manifestations of Integrability in Cold Quantum Gases

冷量子气体可积性的经验表现

基本信息

批准号：
0621703
负责人：
Maxim Olchanyi
金额：
$ 17.62万
依托单位：
University of Southern California
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2006-07-01 至 2007-10-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0621703&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Empirical Manifestations Integrability Cold Quantum

项目摘要

Integrable quantum many-body systems traditionally belong to the domainof mathematical physics, with little or no connection to experiments. However, the experiments on confined quantum-degenerate gases has recently yielded faithful AMO realizations of a number of integrable systems. The new phenomenological relevance of integrable models, unique to atomic, molecular, and optical physics, opens up the possibility of a new research direction that is the focus of this proposal: the experimental manifestations of integrability in cold dilute quantum gases.It is shown that the presence of nontrivial conserved quantities in a quantum system leads to dramatic, initial-state-dependent discrepancy between the equilibrium state of the system and the predictions of thermodynamics. A new thermodynamic ensemble is suggested and successfully numerically tested: there all integrals of motion participate on an equal footing.Furthermore, the relaxation dynamics in an integrable system is conjectured to be very different from generic: it cannot be reduced to the analysis of few-body collisions, but is rather a substantially many-body effect. Overall, it is argued that the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of integrable quantum gases are so different from the usual, that they well-qualify for a new state of quantum matter.The objects of study chosen include bosons in one-dimensional optical lattices in the deep Mott regime, spin-0 Bose and spin-1/2 Fermi gases confined to waveguides, and two-dimensional harmonically trapped Bose condensates, all of which have been experimentally realized already.Momentum distribution and chemical composition are suggested as the simplest experimental observables sensitive to the effects of integrability.

传统上可集成的量子多体系统属于数学物理域，与实验几乎没有联系。然而，对限制量子定位气体的实验最近对许多可集成的系统产生了忠实的AMO实现。具有原子，分子和光学物理学独有的可集成模型的新现象学相关性，打开了该提案重点的新研究方向的可能性：冷稀量子气中的可集成性的实验表现。量子系统中非平凡的保守量的存在导致系统平衡状态与热力学的预测之间的急剧，初始状态依赖性差异。提出了一个新的热力学合奏并成功地在数值上测试：所有运动的积分都在相等的基础上参与。FURTHERMORE，可集成系统中的弛豫动力学猜想与通用性截然不同：不能将其降低到少数几个分析中 - 身体碰撞，但实际上是多体的效果。总体而言，据认为，可集成量子气的动力学和热力学特性与通常的量子物质有很大不同，以至于它们适合新的量子物质状态。选择的研究对象包括在一维光学晶格中的玻色子中的一维光学晶格。深莫特政权，自旋0玻色和自旋1/2费米气体限制在波导中，二维谐波捕获的玻色冷凝物已经实验实现。对集成性的影响敏感。