Multicomponent Block Copolymers as Precursors to Functional Nanoporous Materials

多组分嵌段共聚物作为功能性纳米多孔材料的前体

• 批准号: 0605880
• 负责人: Marc Hillmyer
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0605880&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Multicomponent; Block; Copolymers; Precursors; Functional

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:Block copolymers are hybrid macromolecules that contain multiple, covalently connected polymer segments. These materials self-assemble on nanometer length scales and can adopt a variety of ordered morphologies. For AB diblock copolymers, hexagonally packed, nanoscopic cylinders of the A component in a matrix of the B component is a commonly observed morphology. For ABC triblock terpolymers, a morphology with cylinders of the A component, surrounded by a shell of the B component, in a matrix of the C component is prevalent. Selective chemical etching of the A component in both of the cases will lead to nanoporous materials with channels templated by the sacrificial component. This approach to the synthesis of nanoporous materials using aliphatic polyesters and polyethers as the degradable components is central to this project. Methods aimed at enhancing the mechanical integrity of nanoporous materials from ordered block copolymers will be explored. These include the design and development of matrix polymers that are either highly entangled, semi-crystalline, or thermoplastic elastomers. These efforts will significantly expand understanding of mechanical properties in nanoporous plastics and provide the basis for future applications of these materials. In addition, the use of block copolymer-derived nanoporous materials as high surface area supports for heterogeneous catalysis will be examined. The tunable nature of these substrates is particularly noteworthy and will enable both a detailed understanding of how these materials behave as media for supported catalysts and development of these materials as practical catalyst supports. Supported versions of nanoparticles, simple organocatalysts and more complex peptide based catalysis, and enzymes will be explored for a variety of catalytic and asymmetric transformations.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:Porous materials have found utility in an extremely wide range of technological applications. These ubiquitous organic and inorganic materials are commercially important as, for example, catalysts in the petrochemical industry, separation media for biotechnology, and interlayer dielectrics for microelectronics. The principal objective of this work is to design, synthesize and develop new classes of polymeric (i.e., plastic) nanoporous materials (porous materials with nanometer sized pores) with wide-ranging, tunable properties. This work is motivated by advanced nanotechnological applications and will focus on uncovering fundamental principles associated with the synthesis and ultimate tuning of the chemical and physical properties of these novel materials. Materials developed in this proposal will ultimately lead to societal benefit through applications in separations (e.g., water purification) and catalysis (i.e., Green Chemistry). The use of nanoporous materials for these purposes has been reported, and this research will directly impact the utility of block copolymers in these applications. Broad polymer science training of the researchers working on this project will also result, and specific strategies aimed at communicating the importance of basic research to both undergraduate students and the public will be implemented.

技术摘要：嵌段共聚物是包含多个共价连接的聚合物链段的杂化大分子。这些材料在纳米长度尺度上自组装，并且可以采用各种有序形态。对于 AB 二嵌段共聚物，A 组分在 B 组分基质中呈六方堆积的纳米级圆柱体是常见的形态。对于ABC三嵌段三元共聚物，普遍存在A组分为圆柱体、被B组分的壳包围、在C组分的基质中的形态。在这两种情况下，A 组分的选择性化学蚀刻将产生具有以牺牲组分为模板的通道的纳米多孔材料。这种使用脂肪族聚酯和聚醚作为可降解成分合成纳米多孔材料的方法是该项目的核心。将探索旨在增强有序嵌段共聚物纳米多孔材料机械完整性的方法。其中包括高度缠结、半结晶或热塑性弹性体基质聚合物的设计和开发。这些努力将显着扩大对纳米多孔塑料机械性能的理解，并为这些材料的未来应用奠定基础。此外，还将研究使用嵌段共聚物衍生的纳米多孔材料作为多相催化的高表面积载体。这些基材的可调性质特别值得注意，它将使得人们能够详细了解这些材料如何作为负载型催化剂的介质，并开发这些材料作为实用的催化剂载体。纳米颗粒、简单有机催化剂和更复杂的基于肽的催化以及酶的支持版本将被探索用于各种催化和不对称转化。非技术摘要：多孔材料已在极其广泛的技术应用中发挥作用。这些普遍存在的有机和无机材料具有重要的商业价值，例如石化工业中的催化剂、生物技术中的分离介质以及微电子中的层间电介质。这项工作的主要目标是设计、合成和开发具有广泛、可调特性的新型聚合物（即塑料）纳米多孔材料（具有纳米尺寸孔的多孔材料）。这项工作受到先进纳米技术应用的推动，并将重点揭示与这些新型材料的化学和物理性质的合成和最终调整相关的基本原理。该提案中开发的材料最终将通过在分离（例如水净化）和催化（即绿色化学）方面的应用带来社会效益。纳米多孔材料用于这些目的的使用已经有报道，这项研究将直接影响嵌段共聚物在这些应用中的效用。还将对从事该项目的研究人员进行广泛的聚合物科学培训，并将实施旨在向本科生和公众传达基础研究重要性的具体策略。