Collaborative Research: Study of Dam/Reservoir-Induced Hydrologic Changes in Siberian Regions: Regional Analysis to Pan-Arctic Synthesis

合作研究：西伯利亚地区水坝/水库引起的水文变化研究：泛北极综合区域分析

• 批准号: 0612062
• 负责人: Alexander Shiklomanov
• 金额: $ 29.23万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0612062&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Study; Dam; Reservoir

Humans and hydrology are the dynamic components of the arctic system. They closely interact and affect each other in many ways. Study of Human-Hydrological relationships is one key common interest for the NSF ARCSS and HARC programs. Recently, both programs have identified the Arctic Human-Hydrological Relationship as a major research gap, and both recommend more research efforts to characterize this relationship across sectors of human activity and Arctic regions. Currently this relationship has been explored in only a few cases that mainly investigate how Arctic hydrologic changes influence northern society and culture. It is, however, important to note that the study of human impacts on the arctic hydrologic system is also a great challenge and is a major research gap in the ARCSS programs. While various human activities -- such as water use for industry and irrigation, and change of land use and land cover -- affect hydrology regimes, construction and operation of large dams and reservoirs make the most significant changes in regional-global hydrology systems.Many large dams and reservoirs have been constructed mainly for flood control and hydropower generation in the northern regions/watersheds, and their operation substantially alters river streamflow, sediment and thermal conditions. Large dams directly and significantly regulate streamflow; they change monthly and seasonal discharge regimes over space and time, and they affect yearly streamflow characteristics at the basin scale. It is important to note that, relative to climatic effects, dam impacts are much more direct and often cause abrupt changes in regional hydrologic regimes, thus significantly affecting long-term trends, especially at seasonal and regional scales. Recent analyses of hydrologic changes in large Siberian Rivers demonstrate that, due to reservoir regulation, discharge records collected at the basin outlet do not always represent natural changes and variations; these records tend to underestimate the natural runoff trends in summer and overestimate trends for winter and autumn. There is a need to document and understand to what extent large dams affect arctic hydrology changes. The PI's research will specifically seek to quantify how large reservoirs impact Siberian regional hydrologic changes. In addition, they will synthesize regional analyses from Canada, Nordic countries and Siberia to achieve a comprehensive pan-Arctic assessment of dam effect on the arctic hydrology system and its past change.Intellectual merit: Because reservoir regulation is very strong and direct in the northern regions, we must understand dam effects before we can determine hydrologic response to climate change and variation in the large arctic watersheds. Our current knowledge of reservoir effects on arctic hydrologic changes is incomplete and this limits our capability to understand the long-term changes observed in Arctic hydrologic system. This proposed research will clearly document dams and reservoirs in the northern regions and quantitatively assess their impacts on regional hydrologic changes. This knowledge is important to the ARCSS goal of a system-level understanding of the Arctic and its change. This research will produce naturalized streamflow data across Siberia; such data will be valuable for climate model validation and large-scale water budget analyses. These results will advance our understanding of the functions, interactions, and changes in the Arctic system and benefit national and international programs, such as the NSF/ARCSS, HARC, WCRP/GEWEX, and CLIC.

人类和水文学是北极系统的动态组成部分。他们在很多方面密切互动、相互影响。人类与水文关系的研究是 NSF ARCSS 和 HARC 项目的主要共同兴趣之一。最近，这两个项目都将北极人类与水文关系确定为主要的研究空白，并且都建议开展更多研究工作来描述人类活动和北极地区之间的这种关系。目前这种关系仅在少数案例中得到探讨，主要研究北极水文变化如何影响北方社会和文化。然而，值得注意的是，人类对北极水文系统影响的研究也是一个巨大的挑战，也是 ARCSS 项目的一个主要研究空白。虽然各种人类活动（例如工业和灌溉用水以及土地利用和土地覆盖的变化）会影响水文状况，但大型水坝和水库的建设和运营对区域-全球水文系统产生了最重大的变化。北部地区/流域修建的大型水坝和水库主要用于防洪和水力发电，其运行极大地改变了河流的流量、沉积物和热力条件。大型水坝直接且显着地调节水流；它们在空间和时间上改变每月和季节性的流量状况，并影响流域规模的年度径流特征。值得注意的是，相对于气候影响，大坝的影响更为直接，常常引起区域水文状况的突然变化，从而显着影响长期趋势，特别是在季节和区域尺度上。最近对西伯利亚大河水文变化的分析表明，由于水库调节，在流域出口收集的流量记录并不总是代表自然变化和变化；这些记录往往低估了夏季的自然径流趋势，高估了冬季和秋季的趋势。有必要记录和了解大型水坝对北极水文变化的影响程度。该项目负责人的研究将特别寻求量化大型水库对西伯利亚区域水文变化的影响。此外，他们还将综合加拿大、北欧国家和西伯利亚的区域分析，以实现对大坝对北极水文系统的影响及其过去的变化进行全面的泛北极评估。 智力价值：因为水库调节在北部地区非常强烈和直接在确定水文对气候变化的响应和北极大流域的变化之前，我们必须了解水坝的影响。我们目前对水库对北极水文变化影响的了解并不完整，这限制了我们了解北极水文系统长期变化的能力。这项拟议的研究将清楚地记录北部地区的水坝和水库，并定量评估它们对区域水文变化的影响。这些知识对于 ARCSS 系统层面了解北极及其变化的目标非常重要。这项研究将产生整个西伯利亚的自然化水流数据；此类数据对于气候模型验证和大规模水收支分析非常有价值。这些结果将增进我们对北极系统功能、相互作用和变化的理解，并有益于国家和国际项目，例如 NSF/ARCSS、HARC、WCRP/GEWEX 和 CLIC。