Cenozoic Migration of Topography in the North American Cordillera Recorded in Coupled Basin-Detachment Systems

盆地-拆离系统耦合记录的北美科迪勒拉山脉新生代地形迁移

• 批准号: 0609649
• 负责人: C. Page Chamberlain
• 金额: $ 28.78万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-15 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0609649&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cenozoic; Migration; Topography; North; American

This research group is conducting a paleoaltimetry study of basin-metamorphic core complex pairs within the northern Basin and Range and contiguous Rocky Mountains in order to reconstruct the Cenozoic elevational history of this region and to test competing hypotheses of the driving forces for extension. Tectonic models based on these hypotheses can be broadly associated with three competing surface uplift and extension mechanisms: (1) impingement of the Yellowstone hot spot plume at the base of the lithosphere, (2) delamination of mantle lithosphere, and (3) buoyancy-related flow driven by gradients in gravitational potential energy. Each of these models predicts distinct and testable topographic responses. Cenozoic paleoelevation history is being reconstructed for metamorphic core complexes and adjacent basins in Montana, Nevada, and Utah using stable isotope methods. This paleoaltimetry study will provide a unique set of constraints, which combined with geophysical and geologic data sets, should yield a better understanding of the driving forces behind Cenozoic extension in the northern Basin and Range and the North American Cordillera. This research project builds upon previous paleoelevation studies of metamorphic core complexes and intermontane basins in the western United States that suggest a history of spatially and temporally varying topographic development of western North America with surface uplift migrating southward with time.Large mountain ranges are found on all the Earth's continents. How these mountain ranges grow, however, remains one of the more elusive questions in earth sciences. Understanding the topographic history of mountain ranges is critical for evaluating different tectonic models as well as determining how the growth of mountains affects climate change. This is particularly true for the Cenozoic (last 65 million years of Earth's history) because it has been proposed that the construction of the large Cenozoic mountain belts, such as the Himalaya/Tibet and western North America Cordillera, have altered the Earth's climate. This study examines the Cenozoic topographic and climate history of the western U.S. Cordillera using stable isotope paleoaltimetry and evaluates the tectonic models that have been proposed for this region. It will provide new insights regarding how the American western mountain ranges formed as well as critical information on the links and feed-backs between growth of mountain ranges and climate.

该研究小组正在对北部盆地和山脉以及邻近的落基山脉内的盆地-变质岩核杂岩对进行古海拔测量研究，以重建该地区的新生代海拔历史并检验有关扩张驱动力的竞争假设。基于这些假设的构造模型可以广泛地与三种相互竞争的表面隆起和伸展机制相关联：（1）黄石热点羽流在岩石圈底部的撞击，（2）地幔岩石圈的分层，以及（3）浮力-由重力势能梯度驱动的相关流。这些模型中的每一个都预测独特且可测试的地形响应。正在使用稳定同位素方法重建蒙大拿州、内华达州和犹他州变质核杂岩和邻近盆地的新生代古海拔历史。这项古测高研究将提供一套独特的约束条件，与地球物理和地质数据集相结合，可以更好地了解北部盆地和山脉以及北美科迪勒拉山脉新生代扩张背后的驱动力。该研究项目建立在之前对美国西部变质核杂岩和山间盆地的古海拔研究的基础上，这些研究表明北美西部的地形发展在空间和时间上发生变化，地表隆起随着时间的推移向南迁移。在所有地区都发现了大型山脉地球的各大洲。 然而，这些山脉如何生长仍然是地球科学中更难以捉摸的问题之一。 了解山脉的地形历史对于评估不同的构造模型以及确定山脉的生长如何影响气候变化至关重要。 对于新生代（地球历史的最后 6500 万年）来说尤其如此，因为有人提出，大型新生代山脉的构造，例如喜马拉雅山/西藏和北美西部科迪勒拉山脉，已经改变了地球的气候。本研究利用稳定同位素古测温法研究了美国西部科迪勒拉山脉的新生代地形和气候历史，并评估了为该地区提出的构造模型。它将提供有关美国西部山脉如何形成的新见解，以及有关山脉增长与气候之间的联系和反馈的关键信息。