Dosage dependent genes affecting seed composition and weight

影响种子成分和重量的剂量依赖性基因

• 批准号: 0606607
• 负责人: Andrew Settles
• 金额: $ 122.73万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0606607&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dosage; dependent; genes; affecting; seed

PI: A. Mark Settles (University of Florida)Collaborators: George Casella (University of Florida), L. Curtis Hannah (University of Florida), and Tamer Kahveci (University of Florida)Cereal yield and grain composition are two important targets for improving food security and reducing the environmental impact of agriculture. Cereals show genetic variation in the amount and quality of protein, oil, and starch within the kernel. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control seed weight and seed composition. The objective of this project is to identify novel genes that impact seed weight and seed composition in corn. The project will focus on genes with dosage effects on the kernel. Dosage-effect genes show stepwise changes as the number of normal alleles increases instead of the dominant-recessive relationship found for most genes. The project hypothesis is that these genes will identify key biological processes that are important in controlling seed composition or seed weight. The project will develop a novel single kernel analyzer that utilizes seed weights and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to determine the composition of individual seeds. The kernel analyzer will then be used to screen for families of corn that segregate for differences in seed composition or weight. Families that show segregation ratios consistent with a dosage effect will be tested for heritability in multiple field environments. Finally a genomics approach will be used to identify the mutant genes responsible for the dosage effects. The research is expected to identify approximately ten to twenty genes that have seed dosage effects along with fifty seed mutants that show dosage sensitive phenotypes. These outcomes are significant, because they are expected to develop a novel understanding of the biological processes important for determining final seed composition and weight within cereals. This knowledge will provide a foundation to develop cereal crops with desired grain traits. Broader Impacts: The project will have broader impacts at four levels. (A) The research plan uses an interdisciplinary approach incorporating: plant genetics, molecular biology, analytical chemistry, engineering, statistics, and computer science to identify genes linked to quantitative kernel traits. These genes most likely will have significant impacts on cereal seed weight or cereal nutrient composition. Seed weight genes can be used to improve yield, while seed composition genes can be used to improve the nutritional value of human and animal diets. The project will generate quantitative trait data, flanking sequence tags for UniformMu lines, confirmed germinal transposon insertion sites, dosage-effect mutant stocks, and improvements on existing kernel analyzers. All quantitative kernel data will be available through a project website (to be developed) and through Gramene. Flanking sequence tags will be submitted to the GenBank GSS database and subsequent sequence analyses available at the UniformMu project website (http://currant.hos.ufl.edu/mutail/). (B) New tools for research will be developed. The grain analyzer can be used to determine composition of other grains and biological samples. Analyzer design will be freely available through the USDA Grain Marketing and Production Research Center (GMPRC) (www.gmprc.ksu.edu). (C) New biological resources will be developed. The project will identify and submit gene knockouts to the Maize Genetics Cooperative Stock Center for distribution to other researchers. (D) Post-doctoral, graduate, undergraduate, and high-school student training is an integrated part of the research plan. Importantly, the undergraduate researchers will be recruited through a collaboration with a Historically Black University, and the high school student training will target economically disadvantaged students.

PI：A. Mark Settles（佛罗里达大学）合作者：George Casella（佛罗里达大学）、L. Curtis Hannah（佛罗里达大学）和 Tamer Kahveci（佛罗里达大学）谷物产量和谷物成分是改善的两个重要目标粮食安全和减少农业对环境的影响。谷物在籽粒中蛋白质、油和淀粉的数量和质量方面表现出遗传变异。人们对控制种子重量和种子组成的分子机制知之甚少。该项目的目标是确定影响玉米种子重量和种子组成的新基因。该项目将重点关注对籽粒具有剂量效应的基因。随着正常等位基因数量的增加，剂量效应基因显示出逐步变化，而不是大多数基因的显性-隐性关系。该项目假设是这些基因将识别对控制种子成分或种子重量很重要的关键生物过程。该项目将开发一种新型单粒分析仪，利用种子重量和近红外反射光谱来确定单个种子的成分。然后，籽粒分析仪将用于筛选因种子成分或重量差异而分离的玉米科。表现出与剂量效应一致的分离率的家系将在多个现场环境中进行遗传力测试。最后，将使用基因组学方法来识别导致剂量效应的突变基因。该研究预计将鉴定大约十到二十个具有种子剂量效应的基因以及五十个显示剂量敏感表型的种子突变体。这些成果意义重大，因为它们有望对生物过程产生新的理解，这对于确定谷物中的最终种子成分和重量很重要。这些知识将为开发具有所需谷物性状的谷类作物奠定基础。更广泛的影响：该项目将在四个层面产生更广泛的影响。 (A) 该研究计划采用跨学科方法，包括植物遗传学、分子生物学、分析化学、工程学、统计学和计算机科学，以识别与籽粒数量性状相关的基因。这些基因很可能会对谷物种子重量或谷物营养成分产生重大影响。种子重量基因可用于提高产量，而种子成分基因可用于提高人类和动物饮食的营养价值。该项目将生成数量性状数据、UniformMu 品系的侧翼序列标签、确认的生发转座子插入位点、剂量效应突变体库存以及现有内核分析仪的改进。所有定量内核数据将通过项目网站（待开发）和 Gramene 提供。侧翼序列标签将提交至 GenBank GSS 数据库，并可在 UniformMu 项目网站 (http://currant.hos.ufl.edu/mutail/) 上进行后续序列分析。 (B) 将开发新的研究工具。谷物分析仪可用于测定其他谷物和生物样品的成分。分析仪设计将通过美国农业部谷物营销和生产研究中心 (GMPRC) (www.gmprc.ksu.edu) 免费提供。 （三）开发新的生物资源。该项目将识别基因敲除数据并将其提交给玉米遗传合作库存中心，以便分发给其他研究人员。 (D) 博士后、研究生、本科生和高中生培养是研究计划的组成部分。重要的是，本科生研究人员将通过与历史悠久的黑人大学合作招募，高中生培训将针对经济困难的学生。