Exploiting Tomato Genomics Resources to Investigate Basal Plant Defenses Against Pathogens

利用番茄基因组资源研究基础植物对病原体的防御

• 批准号: 0605059
• 负责人: Alan Collmer
• 金额: $ 250万
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0605059&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exploiting; Tomato; Genomics; Resources; Investigate

Exploiting tomato genomics resources to investigate plant basal defense responses to pathogensAlan Collmer, Cornell UniversityMagdalen Lindeberg, Cornell UniversityGregory B. Martin, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchProject Abstract This project seeks to develop and exploit three genome-enabled resources to address fundamental questions about natural resistance in tomato against the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. These resources are a set of 76 tomato introgression lines that are from susceptible parents but show various levels of resistance to DC3000 infection, a collection of ca. 140 functionally inactivated tomato genes that are known to alter disease susceptibility, and a set of ca. 16 DC3000 virulence effector proteins that are injected by the pathogen into host cells and can be used to identify interacting tomato proteins. The introgression lines will be analyzed with a panel of bacteria and infection-process assays, and 5 or 6 of the most promising loci will be isolated by map-based cloning. The functionally inactivated genes and genes encoding effector interactors will be placed on the tomato linkage map and on the physical map as tomato genome sequence becomes available. Comparing the sets of tomato loci identified by these multiple approaches will produce a functional profile of the defense system, reveal what aspects are most variable, and foster development of more effective and durable disease resistance based on natural defense mechanisms. The specific objectives of the project are to: (1) Exploit natural variation represented in tomato introgression lines to identify new host loci controlling responses to P. syringae. (2) Molecularly characterize PSR loci controlling responses to P. syringae. (3) Develop a genome-enabled model for tomato-P. syringae interactions that incorporates effector-target physical interactions and is useful for developing enhanced crop resistance to pathogens. (4) Expand functional genomics community web resources (http://pseudomonas-syringae.org) and educational outreach activities.The project could have important outcomes with broad impact for several reasons. Crop plants are susceptible to bacteria and many other microbial pathogens, and some of the resulting diseases are virtually impossible to control. Breeding for resistance is an important control strategy and commonly exploits single, dominant resistance (R) genes. But such resistance is often defeated in the field by pathogen variants. Plants have additional "basal" defenses that could be better exploited but are poorly understood and difficult to work with because of the highly multifactorial nature of plant-pathogen interactions and these defenses. The quantitative trait loci underlying basal defenses can be identified through the use of introgression lines with natural variations in resistance, careful phenotypic analyses, and pathogen mutants lacking subsets of virulence factors (which can unmask phenotypes for underlying resistance loci), as proposed here. Because this research deals with genomics, agriculture, genetically engineered organisms, and disease, it can offer broad lessons for students at all levels. Therefore, this project has extensive high school outreach and undergraduate research experience components.

利用番茄基因组学资源来研究植物对病原体的基础防御反应Alan Collmer，康奈尔大学Magdalen Lindeberg，康奈尔大学Gregory B. Martin，Boyce Thompson 植物研究所项目摘要该项目旨在开发和利用三种基因组资源来解决有关自然抗性的基本问题在番茄中对抗模型病原体丁香假单胞菌 pv。番茄DC3000。这些资源是一组 76 个番茄渗入系，它们来自易感亲本，但对 DC3000 感染表现出不同程度的抵抗力，这是大约 10 个番茄基因渗入系的集合。已知可改变疾病易感性的 140 个功能失活的番茄基因，以及一组约 140 个功能失活的番茄基因。 16 个 DC3000 毒力效应蛋白由病原体注入宿主细胞，可用于识别相互作用的番茄蛋白。将通过一组细菌和感染过程分析对基因渗入系进行分析，并通过基于图谱的克隆分离出 5 或 6 个最有希望的基因座。当番茄基因组序列可用时，功能失活的基因和编码效应相互作用子的基因将被放置在番茄连锁图和物理图上。比较通过这些多种方法识别的番茄基因座组将产生防御系统的功能概况，揭示哪些方面变化最大，并促进基于自然防御机制的更有效和持久的抗病性的发展。该项目的具体目标是： (1) 利用番茄渗入系中代表的自然变异来识别控制对丁香假单胞菌反应的新宿主基因座。 (2) 控制丁香假单胞菌反应的 PSR 位点的分子特征。 (3) 开发番茄-P 的基因组模型。丁香菌相互作用，结合了效应器-目标物理相互作用，可用于增强作物对病原体的抵抗力。 (4) 扩大功能基因组学社区网络资源 (http://pseudomonas-syringae.org) 和教育推广活动。由于多种原因，该项目可能会产生具有广泛影响的重要成果。农作物容易受到细菌和许多其他微生物病原体的影响，并且由此产生的一些疾病实际上是无法控制的。抗性育种是一种重要的控制策略，通常利用单一显性抗性 (R) 基因。但这种抵抗力在野外常常会被病原体变异所击败。植物具有额外的“基础”防御，可以更好地利用，但由于植物与病原体相互作用和这些防御的高度多因素性质，人们对其知之甚少且难以使用。基础防御的数量性状基因座可以通过使用具有自然抗性变异的基因渗入系、仔细的表型分析和缺乏毒力因子子集的病原体突变体（这可以揭示潜在抗性基因座的表型）来识别，如此处所建议的。由于这项研究涉及基因组学、农业、基因工程生物和疾病，因此它可以为各个级别的学生提供广泛的课程。因此，该项目具有广泛的高中推广和本科生研究经验组成部分。