Rapid Decompression of Pressurized Magma and Laterally-Directed Blasts: Determining Required Initial Conditions and Predicting Hazards Using 3D Multi-Phase Numerical Simulations

加压岩浆和横向爆炸的快速减压：使用 3D 多相数值模拟确定所需的初始条件并预测危险

• 批准号: 0538125
• 负责人: Amanda Clarke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0538125&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Decompression; Pressurized; Magma; Laterally

Intellectual Merit: Laterally-directed blasts are some of the most dangerous volcanic events ever documented, with large areas of complete devastation possible. Blasts are currently included in modern hazard assessments and maps at composite volcanoes, including Mt. Hood, Mt. Rainier and other US Cascades Range volcanoes, with potential impacts on large populations. However, few such events have been studied and observed in detail. The directed blast is a significant enigma in volcanology, with key questions remaining, including 1) What causes them to be laterally directed? 2) What controls their size? 3) How does local topography affect hazards to surrounding populations? The proposed work will answer specific questions about the two best-documented events to date (Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, 1997 - SHV; Mount St. Helens, 1980 - MSH) and use comparisons between real volcanic events and numerical models to gain a generalized understanding of blast behavior. In the future, 3D numerical models of explosive eruptions will be important tools for predicting volcanic behavior and making more accurate hazards assessments. Broader Inpacts: This project promises to educate a young graduate student in quantitative, computational volcanology, preparing him or her for the increasingly numerical future of Earth science. The work will foster a productive, continuing US/European scientific collaboration, and will enable the US team to collaborate with a world-leader in numerical modeling technology.

智力优点：横向爆炸是有记录以来最危险的火山事件之一，可能造成大面积彻底破坏。目前，爆炸已被纳入复合火山的现代危害评估和地图中，包括胡德山、雷尼尔山和美国喀斯喀特山脉的其他火山，对大量人口有潜在影响。然而，很少有人对此类事件进行详细研究和观察。 定向爆炸是火山学中的一个重大谜团，仍然存在关键问题，包括：1）是什么导致它们横向定向？ 2）什么控制它们的大小？ 3) 当地地形如何影响对周围人群的危害？ 拟议的工作将回答有关迄今为止记录最齐全的两个事件（蒙特塞拉特岛苏弗里耶尔火山，1997 年 - SHV；圣海伦斯火山，1980 年 - MSH）的具体问题，并使用真实火山事件和数值模型之间的比较来获得广义的火山事件了解爆炸行为。 未来，爆炸性喷发的 3D 数值模型将成为预测火山行为和进行更准确的危险评估的重要工具。 更广泛的影响：该项目承诺对年轻的研究生进行定量、计算火山学方面的教育，为他或她迎接地球科学日益数字化的未来做好准备。 这项工作将促进美国/欧洲富有成效、持续的科学合作，并使美国团队能够与数值建模技术领域的世界领先者合作。