U.S.-GLOBEC: NEP Phase IIIb-CGOA: Habitat effects on feeding, condition, growth and survival of juvenile pink salmon in the northern Gulf of Alaska

U.S.-GLOBEC：NEP IIIb-CGOA：栖息地对阿拉斯加湾北部粉红鲑鱼幼鱼的摄食、状况、生长和生存的影响

• 批准号: 0535393
• 负责人: Lewis Haldorson
• 金额: $ 64.33万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0535393&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S.; GLOBEC; NEP; Phase; IIIb

The northeast Pacific Ocean is of increasing oceanographic interest as observations of decadal-scale fluctuations in salmon abundance appear linked to basin-wide changes in meteorological forcing and oceanographic conditions. These regime shifts indicate that climate changes are quickly expressed in biological productivity, although the mechanisms that alter ecosystem structure and function are not well documented. Pink salmon are particularly suited to serve as indicators of marine conditions, as they are abundant and have a short, two-year life cycle with non-overlapping generations. Juvenile pink salmon from Prince William Sound (PWS) hatcheries carry thermal otolith marks that allow estimates of both growth in their early marine phase and of overall cohort survival, thus providing an exceptional opportunity to study the effects of habitat quality. Thus project uses data from four programs that sampled juvenile pink salmon in the northern GOA to estimate feeding intensity, condition, and growth for each hatchery cohort by time and habitat. The occurrence of favorable habitats (i.e. where juvenile pink salmon were feeding well, were in good condition, and exhibited fastest growth) will be identified, allowing description of their characteristics.Since mortality of juvenile salmon is reduced in larger individuals, feeding, condition and growth is determined in upper size-based quantiles as characteristics of larger, faster-growing individuals may present better indicators of habitat quality than overall means or medians. This synthesis strategy is a top-down approach, as it is the fish that decide where and when favorable habitats occurred. Mechanistic understanding of the processes by which climate and oceanographic conditions affect marine ecosystems and salmon production is still lacking. The OptimalStability Hypothesis (OSH) suggests that, in the northern GOA, increased water column stability during summer enhances primary production and zooplankton abundance; leading to enhanced feeding, growth and survival of juvenile salmon. Water column stability, depth distribution of chlorophyll, light availability at depth, zooplankton abundance and salmon response variables (feeding, condition and growth) are examined to determine significant inter-relationships among them, and their bearing on the OSH.This project will lead to the development of a comprehensive database for pink salmon juveniles, compiled from four projects. A Ph.D. student and a post-doctoral fellow are supported by this work. Scientists at the Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game are providing a data set for the database will benefit from estimates of early marine survival to improve forecasting. The project maintains a strong interaction with an alliance of stakeholders in the PWS salmon fishery. A website developed by that group is used to communicate results of our synthesis research to the broader resource-dependent community of PWS and the northern GOA.

东北太平洋的海洋兴趣越来越大，随着鲑鱼丰度际阶段波动的观察似乎与气象强迫和海洋学条件的盆地变化有关。这些制度转移表明，气候变化在生物生产力中很快表达，尽管改变生态系统的结构和功能的机制尚未得到充分记录。粉红色的鲑鱼特别适合作为海洋条件的指标，因为它们丰富，并且具有短期两年的生命周期，而没有重叠的世代。来自威廉王子湾（PWS）孵化场的少年粉红色鲑鱼具有热耳石标记，可估算其早期海洋阶段的生长和整体同队的生存，因此为研究栖息地质量的影响提供了极好的机会。因此，项目使用来自北果阿北部粉红色鲑鱼的四个程序中的数据，以估计每个孵化场队列的喂养强度，状况和生长。将确定有利栖息地的发生（即，少年粉红色鲑鱼的进食良好，状况良好，增长良好），允许描述其特征。由于较大的个体的少年鲑鱼的死亡率减少，喂养，状况和生长在较大，更大的个人的特征上是基于较大的人的特征或较大的型号的特征。这种综合策略是一种自上而下的方法，因为鱼类决定发生了良好的栖息地。仍然缺乏对气候和海洋学影响影响海洋生态系统和鲑鱼产生的过程的机械理解。最佳稳定假设（OSH）表明，在北果阿北部，夏季的水柱稳定性提高了原发性生产和浮游动物丰度。导致少年鲑鱼的进食，生长和存活增加。检查了水柱的稳定性，叶绿素的深度分布，深度的光的可用性，浮游动物丰度和鲑鱼反应变量（喂食，状况和生长），以确定它们之间的重要相互关系，以及它们对OSH的影响。这将导致粉红色鲑鱼的全面数据库的开发，从四个项目中汇编。博士这项工作为学生和博士后研究员提供了支持。阿拉斯加鱼类和游戏部的科学家正在为数据库提供数据集，将受益于早期海洋生存的估计，以改善预测。 该项目与PWS鲑鱼渔业中的利益相关者联盟保持着牢固的互动。该组开发的网站用于将我们的合成研究的结果传达给PWS和北果阿的更广泛的资源依赖社区。