Dissertation Research: Marginality, Crop Genetic Resources Conservation and the Re-establishment of Highland Rice Agriculture Following War in Cambodia

论文研究：柬埔寨战后边缘性、作物遗传资源保护和高原水稻农业的重建

• 批准号: 0522357
• 负责人: Michael Dove
• 金额: $ 0.6万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0522357&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Marginality; Crop; Genetic

Project Summary: Dove/Padwe - Invisible ScienceNear the end of a period of protracted armed conflict in Cambodia, in 1986 the International Rice Research Institute initiated a far-reaching and well-funded effort to re-introduce to Cambodian farmers a number of lowland rice varieties that had been lost during the war. At the same time, an analogous process was taking place in the highlands of northeast Cambodia, exchanging seeds and information through transnational social networks, ethnic minority farmers re-introduced numerous crop cultigens to the northeast hills. Yet this effort was largely invisible to outside observers. Drawing on recent approaches in science and technology studies, this proposal argues that the distinction allowing the formal IRRI program to be understood as scientific, while the seemingly informal highland crop-reintroduction program is excluded from that category, is a false one, the product of boundary-making activities. The highland farmers are clearly experts, although uncredentialed ones. Understood as a scientific endeavor, then, the conservation and re-introduction of crop genetic resources in the highlands was mediated by social, political and cultural factors. This research project seeks to understand the exchange of information, seeds and resources characteristic of highland in situ conservation practices. Specifically, 1) how do highland farmers produce knowledge about crop varieties? 2) how is information and plant genetic material exchanged? how do seed exchange networks function, and what other forms of information or exchange travel along them? 3) finally, why does this form of science appear invisible to outside observers, such as the experts working on the IRRI project? how is this invisibility produced, and how does the fact of its marginality contribute to the form that insitu plant genetic resources conservation has taken? Research activities will consist of over two years of ethnographic field research among highland farmers. In addition to observing and participating in the daily lives of farmers, by asking who got which seeds from whom, the researcher will follow the chain-of-custody of the re-introduced cultivars back along the networks of exchange through which they travelled to reach their present day locations.Intellectual merit: This study will expand the scope of science and technology studies by investigating a non-Western, marginalized form of applied agricultural science. The project will contribute theoretical insight into the crafting of knowledge undertaken outside the framework of state-centric and capital-intensive scientific research paradigms, and will contribute to a further refinement of STS scholars' understandings of science as culture and practice. The subject has intrinsic interest because of the importance of in situ genetic resource conservation and crop reintroduction for post-war and post-conflict settings. Broader impacts: By disseminating the results of this study broadly, to audiences interested in anthropology, science studies, alternative agricultural development, and post-war reconstruction, the study will encourage policy and research on alternatives to state-centered crop rehabilitation programs. By calling attention to the agency of individual farmers in the process of scientific discovery, the study encourages the broader representation of underrepresented groups in the crafting of science research and policy.

项目摘要：Dove/Padwe-柬埔寨长期武装冲突的时期结束，1986年，国际赖斯研究所（International Rice Research Institute）发起了一项深远而有充分资金的努力，以重新引入柬埔寨农民，在战争期间失去了许多低地稻米品种。同时，东北柬埔寨高地正在发生一个类似的过程，通过跨国社交网络交换种子和信息，少数民族农民重新引入了许多农作物养殖者到东北山丘。然而，这项努力在很大程度上是外部观察者看不见的。该提案利用科学技术研究的最新方法认为，允许正式IRRI计划被理解为科学的区别，而看似非正式的高地作物解说计划被排除在该类别之外，这是一个错误的，这是边界开展活动的产物。高地农民显然是专家，尽管没有信念。 因此，被理解为一项科学努力，因此，高地的农作物遗传资源的保护和重新引入是由社会，政治和文化因素介导的。该研究项目旨在了解高地原位保护实践的信息，种子和资源特征的交换。具体来说，1）高地农民如何产生有关作物品种的知识？ 2）如何交换信息和植物遗传物质？种子交换网络如何运作，以及沿其中哪些其他形式的信息或交换旅行？ 3）最后，为什么这种科学形式似乎是外部观察者看不见的，例如从事IRRI项目的专家？这种不可见性是如何产生的，其边缘性的事实如何促进inteitu植物遗传资源保护采取的形式？研究活动将包括高地农民的两年人种学现场研究。除了观察和参与农民的日常生活外，还通过询问谁得到了哪些种子，研究人员将遵循沿沿着交换网络重新引入的品种回到当天地点的燃料链。智力优点：这项研究将扩大科学和技术研究的研究范围，以扩大科学研究的范围。该项目将有助于理论上的洞察力，以在以国家为中心和资本密集的科学研究范式的框架之外进行知识的制作，并将有助于进一步完善STS学者对科学作为文化和实践的理解。该受试者具有内在的兴趣，因为原位遗传资源保护和重新引入战后和冲突后环境的重要性。更广泛的影响：通过对对人类学，科学研究，替代农业发展和战后重建感兴趣的观众传播这项研究的结果，该研究将鼓励对以国家为中心的农作物康复计划的替代方案进行政策和研究。通过在科学发现的过程中引起人们对个别农民的代理的关注，该研究鼓励在制定科学研究和政策中更广泛代表人数不足的群体。