Doctoral Dissertation Research: Third-Party Intervention and Perceptions of Fairness: Extending Social Exchange

博士论文研究：第三方干预和公平感：扩大社会交换

• 批准号: 0503176
• 负责人: Linda Molm
• 金额: $ 0.75万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-01 至 2007-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0503176&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Third; Party

Linda MolmJessica ColletteUniversity of ArizonaMost dispute resolution is between employers and employees, family or friends, neighbors, and other groups who have continued contact after they leave the courtroom, mediator's office, or agree to contract terms. Because of such ongoing relationships, the investigator argues that a vital component of any kind of dispute resolution is how conflicting parties feel about each other after the process is over. Although previous conflict resolution research focuses primarily on the fairness of the third-party, process or outcome, this dissertation research centers on how the two parties engaged in the process perceive each other and their relations. Specifically, the research asks how intermediaries' intervention in a resolution process affects disputing individuals' perceptions of fairness of one another. The co-PI draws on two extensive literatures - procedural justice and attribution theory - to formulate predictions regarding the effects of third party involvement on perceptions of fairness. From procedural justice the project examines how an intermediary affects the participants' perception of process and decision control. Using attribution theory, the study investigates how a third-party ameliorates or deflects the salience of conflict of interests inherent in the process. The investigator will collect data in an experimental setting varying both the level of third-party intervention (high, low, absent) and an individual's relative power position in the dispute (advantaged, disadvantaged, equal), but holding outcomes constant through programmed behavior of computer simulated actors. The study will contribute to an extension of social exchange theory by exploring how the presence of a third party influences the affective outcomes of exchange. The project also adds to conflict resolution research by investigating the effect of varying levels of intervention in resolution procedures on perceptions of fairness of conflicting parties, bringing the negotiating parties back to the center of the study of conflict resolution. Alternative forms of dispute resolution are entering the courtrooms and gaining popularity and it is important for research to investigate the effects of this trend. Research findings have implications for the ongoing relations between parties engaged in dispute resolution, especially whether the rise of mediation for disputes will have the positive effects predicted, or whether it comes at certain costs to social relationships.

琳达·莫尔姆 (Linda Molm) 杰西卡·科莱特 (Jessica Collette) 亚利桑那大学 大多数争议解决是在雇主与雇员、家人或朋友、邻居以及其他团体之间进行的，这些团体在离开法庭、调解员办公室或同意合同条款后仍继续保持联系。由于这种持续的关系，调查人员认为，任何形式的争议解决的一个重要组成部分是冲突各方在程序结束后对彼此的感受。尽管以往的冲突解决研究主要关注第三方、过程或结果的公平性，但本文的研究重点是参与过程的双方如何看待彼此及其关系。具体来说，该研究询问中介机构对解决过程的干预如何影响争议个体对彼此公平性的看法。 共同PI借鉴了两个广泛的文献——程序正义和归因理论——来制定有关第三方参与对公平感的影响的预测。该项目从程序正义的角度来研究中介如何影响参与者对过程和决策控制的看法。该研究利用归因理论来调查第三方如何改善或转移流程中固有的利益冲突的突出性。 研究者将在实验环境中收集数据，改变第三方干预的水平（高、低、缺席）和个人在争议中的相对权力地位（有利、不利、平等），但通过编程行为保持结果不变。计算机模拟演员。该研究将通过探索第三方的存在如何影响交换的情感结果，为社会交换理论的扩展做出贡献。 该项目还通过调查解决程序中不同程度的干预对冲突各方公平感的影响，增加了冲突解决研究的内容，使谈判各方重新回到冲突解决研究的中心。替代性争议解决方式正在进入法庭并越来越受欢迎，研究调查这一趋势的影响非常重要。 研究结果对参与争议解决的各方之间的持续关系具有影响，特别是争议调解的兴起是否会产生预期的积极影响，或者是否会给社会关系带来一定的成本。