Collaborative Research: SHINE: Solar Longitude Dependence of Solar Energetic Particle Events

合作研究：SHINE：太阳高能粒子事件的太阳经度依赖性

• 批准号: 0454428
• 负责人: Christina Cohen
• 金额: $ 16.35万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2009-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0454428&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; SHINE; Solar; Longitude

This proposal includes seven collaborators and will systematically examine the longitude dependence of solar energetic particle (SEP) characteristics through studying: (1) solar data from SOHO, TRACE, Yohkoh, and RHESSI; (2) SEP data from the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) and the Ultra Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS), both on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft; and (3) radio data from Wind/WAVES, Culgoora, and Bruny Island, Australia. Identified SEP events will be characterized according to several criteria, including elemental abundances and ratios measured at a range of MeV energies per nucleon. Radio signatures, shock transit speeds, CME speeds, flare magnitudes, flare durations, flare longitude/magnetic connections (and other relevant parameters) will then be examined in terms of this characterization. Particular focus will be placed on radio type III bursts as indications of open magnetic field lines and the solar connection to the identified flares of interest, as determined by the potential field source surface (PFSS) model. How the characterization of the SEP events depends on solar longitude (accounting for the magnetic connection) will be important in evaluating and constraining any theory attempting to provide explanations for the large variation in the energy-dependent elemental composition observed in SEP events. This effort will help quantify the plausibility of the currently competing hypotheses.Results will be disseminated to the broader community through campaign web sites, peer-reviewed scientific journals, and public newsletters, as well as through future SHINE meetings, where students are especially encouraged (and often funded) to attend. The benefit of this research to society is strongly related to the increasing need to predict space weather and the SEP-related radiation hazards faced by astronauts, sensitive space equipment, and even some commercial airline flights. In particular, SEP longitude dependence is crucial for forecasting the effects at locations far from the Sun-Earth line, as will be necessary within NASA's new Space Exploration Initiative. In order to make useful space weather predictions at any location, understanding the connection between what is observed remotely at the Sun and the resulting SEP event is critical. The proposed research furthers this endeavor in an area of currently vigorous debate. This proposal employs two women (one being the PI) and includes funds for training an undergraduate student. Many of the collaborators have a strong history of collaboration in the fields of radio spectrometry, solar physics, and particle physics, as well as in giving presentations to young scientists and students at colleges, high schools, and middle schools.

该提案包括七个合作者，将通过研究以下内容系统地研究太阳高能粒子（SEP）特性的经度依赖性：（1）来自SOHO、TRACE、Yokoh和RHESSI的太阳数据； (2) 来自先进成分探测器 (ACE) 航天器上的太阳同位素光谱仪 (SIS) 和超低能量同位素光谱仪 (ULEIS) 的 SEP 数据； (3) 来自 Wind/WAVES、卡尔古拉和澳大利亚布鲁尼岛的无线电数据。已识别的 SEP 事件将根据几个标准进行表征，包括元素丰度和在每个核子 MeV 能量范围内测量的比率。然后，将根据该特征检查无线电信号、冲击传输速度、CME 速度、耀斑震级、耀斑持续时间、耀斑经度/磁连接（以及其他相关参数）。将特别关注 III 型无线电爆发，作为开放磁场线的指示以及太阳与已识别的感兴趣耀斑的连接，如势场源表面 (PFSS) 模型所确定。 SEP 事件的特征如何取决于太阳经度（考虑磁连接）对于评估和约束任何试图为 SEP 事件中观察到的能量依赖元素成分的巨大变化提供解释的理论非常重要。这项工作将有助于量化当前相互竞争的假设的合理性。结果将通过活动网站、同行评审的科学期刊和公共新闻通讯以及未来的 SHINE 会议向更广泛的社区传播，特别鼓励学生（并且经常得到资助）参加。这项研究对社会的好处与预测太空天气以及宇航员、敏感太空设备甚至一些商业航班所面临的 SEP 相关辐射危害的需求日益增长密切相关。特别是，SEP 经度依赖性对于预测远离日地线的位置的影响至关重要，这在 NASA 新的太空探索计划中是必要的。为了在任何地点进行有用的太空天气预报，了解太阳远程观测结果与由此产生的 SEP 事件之间的联系至关重要。拟议的研究在当前激烈争论的领域进一步推进了这一努力。该提案雇用了两名女性（其中一名是 PI），并包括用于培训一名本科生的资金。许多合作者在射电光谱测量、太阳物理和粒子物理领域有着悠久的合作历史，并在向年轻科学家和大学、高中和初中的学生进行演讲方面有着丰富的经验。