Spatial Signatures of Soils and Sediments: Geomorphic Research on Silty Soils in the Midwest USA

土壤和沉积物的空间特征：美国中西部粉质土壤的地貌研究

• 批准号: 0422108
• 负责人: Randall Schaetzl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0422108&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spatial; Signatures; Soils; Sediments; Geomorphic

AbstractBCS-0422108Randall SchaetzlMichigan State UniversitySoil geomorphic research usually links field and lab work in soils and geomorphology to answer questions about landscape evolution. Working within that framework, this project will produce spatial data sets, i.e., detailed maps of mineralogical and textural characteristics, of soils developed in silty surficial sediments, for parts of the midwestern USA. Put another way, I will ascertain the spatial signatures of silty soils in three midwestern subregions and compare these signatures to areas of known loessial soils, to determine if the soils in each of these three regions have formed in silty loess - or some other silty sediment. Using these spatial signatures maps I should also be able to ascertain the source areas of the silts in these regions. The maps, created for three areas of "anomalous" silty soils in the upper midwest, form the core of the research. These areas, set within otherwise sandy landscapes, are (1) the Grayling Fingers and (2) the Buckley Flats regions of northern lower Michigan, and (3) the Peshekee Highlands in Michigan's Upper Peninsula (UP) and in the NE Wisconsin - western UP border area. In the field, using existing digital soil maps and a GPS, I will locate and sample soils that have anomalously silty textures within these three regions. Samples from these soils will then be taken back to the Quaternary Landscapes Research Group lab in the Department of Geography, for further analysis. Data from the soils and their parent materials, e.g., mineral amounts, colors, textures, particle shapes, lithologies, parent material thickness, etc., will then be then analyzed to determine parent material characteristics for each soil, quantitatively tying it to a specific parent material, i.e., giving it a sedimentologic signature. Maps of specific soils' sedimentological signatures are the spatial signatures maps that I refer to above. Ascertaining whether the silt cap on these soils is loess, which it is likely to be in at least one of the three regions, will be determined by comparing the spatial signatures of soils within each of the three regions to spatial signatures and characteristics of soils that will have already been sampled from the thick loess regions of western Wisconsin and NW Illinois. The data generated using this protocol should vary systematically and predictably across space, and may open new doors for research into landscape evolution that previously would have been fraught with insurmountable "data needs" obstacles. The synergies and knowledge gains that can be achieved from this research will stimulate new research on landscape evolution and provide opportunities for the scientific and lay communities to examine soils and sediment patterns in ways that have previously been impossible. The research will add to our understanding of wind-driven and soils systems that have operated in the upper midwest since the end of the last glaciation. This field- and lab-oriented research will also hone and expand a method that may become a standard for many soil geomorphology studies, providing a tested method for detailed resource mapping. This method may also assist soil mappers as they remap the region's soils and will heighten awareness of the utility of soil maps in geographic research. Finally, the research undertaken in this project will provide educational opportunities for several graduate and undergraduate students, as well as building the scientific infrastructure of MSU.

AbstractBCS-0422108Randall Schaetzlmichigan州立大学的地貌研究通常将土壤和实验室工作联系起来，以回答有关景观进化的问题。 该项目在该框架内工作，将生成空间数据集，即在美国中西部的部分地区，在粉质表面沉积物中开发的土壤的矿物学和质地特征的详细图。 换句话说，我将确定三个中西部区域中粉质土壤的空间特征，并将这些特征与已知的羊皮土壤的区域进行比较，以确定这三个区域中的每个区域是否以粉质片状片状形成，或其他一些粉质沉积物。 使用这些空间标志地图，我也应该能够确定这些区域中淤泥的源区域。 这些地图是为中西部上部“异常”粉质土壤的三个区域创建的，构成了研究的核心。 这些区域设置在否则沙质景观内，是（1）灰色的手指和（2）北密歇根州北部的巴克利公寓地区，以及（3）密歇根州的上半岛（UP）和威斯康星州的NE Wisconsin-西部 - 西部边境地区的Peshekee Highlands。 在现场，使用现有的数字土壤图和GP，我将找到和采样在这三个区域内具有异常粉质质地的土壤。 然后，这些土壤的样本将被带回地理系的第四纪景观研究小组实验室，以进行进一步分析。 然后，将分析来自土壤及其母体材料的数据，例如矿物质，颜色，纹理，质地，颗粒形状，岩性，母体材料厚度等，然后进行分析，以确定每种土壤的母体材料特征，将其定量地将其与特定的母体材料（即使其具有沉积性签名）。 特定土壤沉积学特征的地图是我上面指的空间特征图。 确定这些土壤上的淤泥帽是否是黄土，它可能在这三个区域中的至少一个中，它将通过比较三个区域内每个区域内每个区域的土壤的空间特征与空间特征和土壤特征的空间特征来确定，这些土壤和特征已经从西部威斯康星州西部和NW Illinois的西部厚实的恐惧区域中取样。 使用此协议生成的数据应在整个空间之间进行系统和可预测的变化，并可能为研究景观演化的新大门打开，以前本来会充满了无法无法克服的“数据需求”障碍。 从这项研究中可以实现的协同和知识收益将刺激有关景观进化的新研究，并为科学和外行社区提供机会，以以前是不可能的方式检查土壤和沉积物模式。 这项研究将增加我们对自上次冰川结束以来中西部运行的风向和土壤系统的理解。 这项面向和实验室的研究还将磨练和扩展一种方法，该方法可能成为许多土壤地貌研究的标准，为详细资源映射提供了测试的方法。 这种方法还可以帮助土壤映射器重建该地区的土壤，并提高对地理研究中土壤图实用性的认识。 最后，该项目进行的研究将为几个研究生和本科生提供教育机会，并建立MSU的科学基础设施。