Rapid Response Monitoring of Wildfire Impact on Partitioning of Infiltration and Runoff: The 2003 Aspen Fire in Sabino Canyon, Arizona

快速响应监测野火对渗透和径流分区的影响：2003 年亚利桑那州萨比诺峡谷的阿斯彭火灾

• 批准号: 0342831
• 负责人: Bart Nijssen
• 金额: $ 9.37万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0342831&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Response; Monitoring; Wildfire; Impact

Nijssen0342831In the Southwest, severe fires can destroy as much as 90% of the vegetation and litter cover. Exposed, burned soils are highly vulnerable to intense monsoon rains, leading to increases in surface runoff, peak flows, and erosion rate. These drastic physical and chemical hydrologic changes negatively impact aquatic habitats and endanger human lives and property. The Aspen Fire in the Coronado National Forest north of Tucson has burned in excess of 40,000 acres and destroyed more than 300 structures. This tragic fire offers a unique opportunity to monitor post- fire soil and water conditions in the well-studied Sabino Creek basin. The effects of fire at this point scale have been studied extensively and generally, local scale investigations have shown that the magnitudes of the hydrologic impacts of fire depend on vegetation, topography, temperature, and fire-intensity. What is lacking is a coordinated study that links point scale I hydrologic changes with basin-integrated runoff and stream flow response. The unique opportunity to combine soil physical measurements of infiltration capacity with integrated watershed geochemistry will improve our ability to unravel the partitioning between runoff and infiltration after a wildf1re. Funding sought under this SGER proposal will be used for intensive Data collection in the period immediately following the burn and for continued monitoring over the next year. SGER is selected as the funding vehicle, because of the urgency to start the research before or as close as possible to the start of the monsoon. The motivating science question is: How is the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and surface runoff affected by wildfire? We propose an intensive data collection campaign to measure the watershed response to monsoon and winter storm events in the wake of the Aspen Fire. Continued monitoring, to gauge recovery, will take place over the remainder of the year. Soil physical measurements, using a modified air permeameter will be made to determine the extent to which fire-induced changes in soil hydraulic properties lead to changes in infiltration and Runoff generation. Stream flow measurements and analysis of soil and water chemistry will b~ used to investigate the catchments response.

NIJSSEN0342831在西南部，严重的火灾可破坏多达90％的植被和垃圾盖。暴露的，燃烧的土壤高度容易受到强烈的季风降雨的影响，导致表面径流，峰值流量和侵蚀率增加。这些剧烈的物理和化学水文变化对水生栖息地产生了负面影响，并危害了人类的生命和财产。图森以北的科罗纳多国家森林中的阿斯彭大火燃烧了40,000英亩，并摧毁了300多个建筑物。这场悲剧性的大火提供了一个独特的机会，可以监测井野溪盆地的燃烧后土壤和水状况。在此点尺度上进行了大量研究的影响，通常，一般而言，地方规模的研究表明，火的水文影响的大小取决于植被，地形，温度和火力强度。缺少的是一项协调的研究，该研究将点尺度I的水文变化与盆地集成的径流和流流动响应联系起来。将土壤物理测量与综合分水岭相结合的独特机会将提高我们在WildF1RE后揭示径流和浸润之间分配的能力。根据该SGER提案寻求的资金将在燃烧后紧接的时期内进行密集数据收集，并在明年继续进行监控。 SGER被选为融资工具，因为紧迫地开始或尽可能接近季风开始研究。激励的科学问题是：如何将降水分解为受野火影响的浸润和表面径流？我们提出了一项密集的数据收集活动，以衡量在阿斯彭大火之后对季风和冬季风暴事件的分水岭反应。继续监控，以衡量恢复，将在今年剩余时间内进行。将进行土壤物理测量，使用改良的空气渗透器，以确定火诱导的土壤液压特性变化导致浸润和径流产生的变化。水流测量和土壤化学的分析将用于研究集水区响应。