Cooperative Research: Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

合作研究：海啸的海岸影响

• 批准号: 0331277
• 负责人: Harry Yeh
• 金额: $ 7.21万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0331277&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cooperative; Research; Coastal; Effects; Tsunamis

This action is to support a group research project focusing on specific aspects of tsunami coastal hazards mitigation. To mitigate tsunami coastal hazards, the first priority is to improve the identification of the tsunami-inundation zone. Recently, NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) has launched a comprehensive program to estimate potential inundation zones along the coastal areas of the Pacific States (California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii; http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami/time/). The next level of mitigation strategy is to reduce loss of life and property damage within the tsunami inundation zones by considering the runup process in detail: flow patterns, induced forces, the impact of debris and floating objects, and their implication for improved design of waterfront structures and decisions concerning land use.The five primary objectives are to:Understand the fundamental turbulence phenomena associated with tsunami runup and its effects on tsunami forces on structures and scouring; Improve the prediction capability of tsunami runup models, by more accurately including the effects of dispersion and wave breaking;Achieve a practical means of describing the complex runup flows within the context of their interactions with structures, trees and other typical complex coastal features (e.g. dunes, earthen dikes and river intlets);Develop benchmark problems and their solutions for validating numerical models and for determining the adequacy of different approximations for different applications in tsunami hazard reduction;Develop scenarios focusing on four interrelated issues: single and multiple structures (rectangular and cylindrical forms), porous media, missiles/debris impacts, and scouring.The project involves researchers from Cornell University, Southern Methodist University, the University of Washington, Urban Regional Research, and a Professor Emeritus from Harvard University. In addition, it includes collaboration on scouring during tsunami runup with researchers at Japan's Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), using PWRI's large and unique experimental facility.

这一行动是为了支持一个小组研究项目，重点关注海啸沿海灾害缓解的具体方面。 减轻海啸沿海灾害，首要任务是完善海啸淹没区的识别。 最近，NOAA（国家海洋和大气管理局）启动了一项综合计划，以估计太平洋国家（加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州、华盛顿州、阿拉斯加和夏威夷）沿海地区的潜在淹没区；http://www.pmel.noaa.gov /海啸/时间/）。 下一阶段的缓解策略是通过详细考虑启动过程来减少海啸淹没区内的生命损失和财产损失：水流模式、诱导力、碎片和漂浮物的影响及其对改进滨水区设计的影响五个主要目标是：了解与海啸上升相关的基本湍流现象及其对海啸力量对结构和冲刷的影响；通过更准确地考虑分散和波浪破碎的影响，提高海啸上升模型的预测能力；实现在复杂上升流与结构、树木和其他典型复杂海岸特征（例如沙丘）相互作用的背景下描述复杂上升流的实用方法、土堤和河流入海口）；开发基准问题及其解决方案，以验证数值模型并确定不同近似值对于减少海啸灾害的不同应用的充分性；开发侧重于四个相互关联的情景问题：单个和多个结构（矩形和圆柱形）、多孔介质、导弹/碎片撞击和冲刷。该项目涉及康奈尔大学、南卫理公会大学、华盛顿大学城市区域研究中心的研究人员以及来自哈佛大学。 此外，它还包括与日本公共工程研究所 (PWRI) 的研究人员合作，利用 PWRI 大型且独特的实验设施，在海啸爆发期间进行冲刷。