A Latitudinal Survey of Freshwater Euascomycetes

淡水真子囊菌的纬度调查

• 批准号: 0316496
• 负责人: Carol Shearer
• 金额: $ 32.5万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0316496&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Latitudinal; Survey; Freshwater; Euascomycetes

Fungi, particularly those in the class Euascomycetes, are important decomposers of large particulate organic matter in freshwater habitats, and hence are important intermediaries in energy flow and chemical cycles. Despite evidence of their importance, little information exists regarding their taxonomic identities and abundance in various types of freshwater habitats throughout North America and the rest of the world. As part of an ongoing survey of freshwater eascomycetes along latitudinal gradients, Dr. Carol Shearer of University of Illinois will collect, identify and isolate freshwater euascomycetes from a variety of aquatic habitats. Collections will be made in geographical areas rich in lakes and in tropical areas in Central and northern South America. This survey is organized around two broad conceptual areas: (1) the relationship between latitude and species diversity and composition, and species distribution patterns; and (2) the evolutionary relationships among terrestrial, freshwater and marine euascomycetes. Collections and cultures will be used to answer the following questions: (1) What species comprise the freshwater euascomycetes? (2) What is the relationship between latitude and species distribution patterns, species richness, and taxonomic composition at the species level and above? (3) Does species composition differ in lakes and rivers in the same geographical area? (4) What is the nature and degree of morphological and life cycle adaptation of freshwater euascomycetes to aquatic habitats? (5) How do the freshwater euascomycetes differ taxonomically from their terrestrial and marine counterparts? Products of this study will include: specimens, cultures, and gene sequences of freshwater euascomycetes; descriptions of new genera and species; an illustrated species monograph with an interactive key for their identification available on the WWW; and improved understanding of the relationships among sexually and asexually reproducing euascomycete species. Resulting cultures will be screened for production of new, biologically active chemicals and fungal cultures will be made available to other scientists for systematic, developmental, physiological, molecular, and ecological studies. A Colombian postdoctoral scholar will participate in the research, along with undergraduate students at the University of Illinois.

真菌，特别是真子菌纲中的真菌，是淡水栖息地中大颗粒有机物的重要分解者，因此是能量流和化学循环中的重要中介。尽管有证据表明它们的重要性，但关于它们的分类特性以及在北美和世界其他地区各种类型的淡水栖息地中的丰富程度的信息却很少。作为正在进行的沿纬度梯度淡水子囊菌调查的一部分，伊利诺伊大学的 Carol Shearer 博士将从各种水生生境中收集、识别和分离淡水子囊菌。收藏品将在湖泊丰富的地理区域以及南美洲中部和北部的热带地区进行。这项调查围绕两个广泛的概念领域进行组织：（1）纬度与物种多样性和组成以及物种分布模式之间的关系； (2)陆地、淡水和海洋真子囊菌之间的进化关系。收集品和培养物将用于回答以下问题：（1）淡水真子囊菌由哪些物种组成？ (2) 纬度与物种及以上级别的物种分布格局、物种丰富度和分类组成有何关系？ (3)同一地理区域的湖泊和河流的物种组成是否不同？ (4) 淡水真子囊菌对水生生境的形态和生命周期适应的性质和程度如何？ (5) 淡水真子囊菌在分类学上与其陆地和海洋对应物有何不同？这项研究的产品将包括：淡水真子囊菌的标本、培养物和基因序列；新属和新种的描述；一本带有插图的物种专着，带有用于识别它们的交互式密钥，可在 WWW 上找到；并提高了对有性和无性繁殖真子囊菌物种之间关系的了解。所得培养物将被筛选以生产新的、具有生物活性的化学物质，真菌培养物将提供给其他科学家进行系统、发育、生理、分子和生态研究。一名哥伦比亚博士后学者将与伊利诺伊大学的本科生一起参与这项研究。