Globalization, Liberalization, and Urban Restructuring in the Less-Developed World: A Comparative Study of Social and Spatial Polarization in Accra and Mumbai

欠发达国家的全球化、自由化和城市重组：阿克拉和孟买社会和空间极化的比较研究

• 批准号: 0213648
• 负责人: Richard Grant
• 金额: $ 15.34万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0213648&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Globalization; Liberalization; Urban; Restructuring; Less

This research project is concerned with social and spatial change in large cities in developing nations. The research will examine trends of social and spatial polarization in residential areas of Accra (Ghana) and Mumbai (India). This will involve extensive fieldwork in both cities, with support from local universities, and employ site reconnaissance, interviews, census data analysis and residential mapping, residential surveys and focus groups. The main hypothesis in this study is that policies of economic liberalization in both cities have encouraged fundamental changes in urban land use and in urban labor markets. We expect to find increasing spatial differentiation of residential areas with greater contrasts in terms of types of residential developments and in terms of the socio-economic status of their residents. The choice of Accra and Mumbai as case studies is based on a number of critical elements that they have in common: their location in poor regions; their role as gateway cities; their colonial histories; their post-colonial experiences in terms of national and global phases in their countries political economy. This project builds on a previous NSF-funded study of the changing corporate geographies of Accra and Mumbai.This study is important theoretically because it helps to correct a bias in urban studies toward cities in the West and in more developed regions of the world economy. It will promote understanding of the social and spatial effects of liberalization and of corresponding trends of globalization in major urban centers in the developing world. As such, the study will contribute to more general theories of economic globalization. From a practical point of view, the research is significant because it will provide information about the changing geography of inequality in these cities. While rapid urban growth in the less developed world is a well-known phenomenon, little is known about the emerging human geographies of these cities. Trends of social and spatial polarization affect community development and local politics and also have ramifications for urban sustainable development and for urban planning and management. The results of the research will help illuminate the possible social and political risks of current trends and will make recommendations regarding sustainable social and spatial development of cities in developing nations.

该研究项目与发展中国家大城市的社会和空间变化有关。该研究将研究阿克拉（加纳）和孟买（印度）住宅区的社会和空间两极分化趋势。这将在当地大学的支持下，在两个城市的支持下进行广泛的实地调查，并采用现场侦察，访谈，人口普查数据分析和住宅地图，住宅调查和焦点小组。这项研究的主要假设是，两个城市的经济自由化政策都鼓励了城市土地使用和城市劳动力市场的根本变化。我们希望在居民发展类型以及其居民的社会经济地位方面，发现居住区的空间分化越来越大。作为案例研究的阿克拉和孟买的选择是基于它们具有的许多关键要素：它们在贫困地区的位置；他们作为门户城市的作用；他们的殖民历史；他们在国家政治经济学的国家和全球阶段方面的后殖民经历。该项目基于对不断变化的阿克拉和孟买公司地理的先前资助的研究。从理论上讲，这项研究很重要，因为它有助于纠正城市研究对西方城市和世界经济较发达地区的偏见。它将促进对自由化的社会和空间影响以及发展中国家主要城市中心全球化趋势的相应趋势的理解。因此，该研究将有助于更一般的经济全球化理论。从实际的角度来看，这项研究很重要，因为它将提供有关这些城市不平等地理不断变化的信息。虽然较不发达世界的快速城市增长是众所周知的现象，但对这些城市的新兴地理位置知之甚少。社会和空间两极分化的趋势会影响社区发展和地方政治，并且对城市可持续发展以及城市规划和管理的影响也有很大的影响。研究结果将有助于阐明当前趋势的社会和政治风险，并就发展中国家城市的可持续社会和空间发展提出建议。