Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Tiwanaku Residential Mobility and Archaeological Chemistry: Strontium and Lead Isotope Analyses in the South Central Andes

博士论文改进补助金：蒂瓦纳库住宅流动性和考古化学：安第斯山脉中南部的锶和铅同位素分析

• 批准号: 0202329
• 负责人: T. Douglas Price
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-15 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0202329&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Tiwanaku

Under the direction of Dr. Douglas Price, Kelly Knudson will collect data for her doctoral dissertation at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. She will use archaeological chemistry to investigate the Precolumbian Tiwanaku culture, which existed from AD 500-1000 in the South Central Andes. The large and impressive site of Tiwanaku, located in Bolivia, was a religious, economic and political center that exerted influence over what is now southern Peru, northern Chile and western Bolivia. However, the nature of that influence is unclear and very controversial. More specifically, the relationship between the capital city of Tiwanaku and smaller sites associated with Tiwanaku has been heavily debated. While some scholars argue that these sites in southern Peru and northern Chile are colonies established by the Tiwanaku empire to gain access to valuable agricultural goods, others insist that these sites were populated by local people with religious or economic ties, but not political, ties to the capital. While archaeologists have tried to address this debate through various means, only archaeological chemistry can definitively identify colonists from the capital city of Tiwanaku in the proposed Tiwanaku colonies. Through a new technique that utilizes the strontium and lead isotope ratios in archaeological human teeth and bone, Knudson will determine where people buried at the proposed Tiwanaku colonies lived for the first 5 years of their lives. By determining the patterns of residential mobility at the proposed Tiwanaku colonies and their biological relationship to the capital city of Tiwanaku, Knudson will test the various hypotheses concerning the nature of the Tiwanaku polity. This research is important on a variety of levels. Since this powerful methodology is still relatively new, this dissertation research will help refine the use of strontium and lead isotope analyses in archaeology, and will help convince the archaeological community of its utility. In addition, this research will elucidate the relationship between the capital city at Tiwanaku and possible Tiwanaku sites in the hinterlands, and will help Andeanists resolve the debate on the nature of the Tiwanaku polity. Finally, because most information on imperial strategies comes from regions and time periods for which written records exist, this research on Tiwanaku heartland-hinterland interactions and imperial strategies will expand current knowledge on the role of residential mobility in prehistoric state development and maintenance. The work will also assist in training a promising young scientist.

在道格拉斯·普赖斯（Douglas Price）博士的指导下，凯利·诺德森（Kelly Knudson）将在威斯康星大学的麦迪逊分校收集她的博士学位论文数据。她将使用考古化学调查前斜蒂瓦纳库文化，该文化的存在于安第斯山脉中部的AD 500-1000。位于玻利维亚的蒂瓦纳库（Tiwanaku）的​​庞大而令人印象深刻的遗址是一个宗教，经济和政治中心，对现在的秘鲁南部，智利北部和玻利维亚西部产生了影响。但是，这种影响的性质尚不清楚，并且非常有争议。更具体地说，首都Tiwanaku与Tiwanaku相关的较小遗址之间的关系一直在争论。虽然一些学者认为，秘鲁南部和智利北部的这些地点是蒂瓦纳库帝国建立的殖民地，以获取有价值的农业物品，但另一些人则坚持认为，这些地点是由具有宗教或经济联系的当地人居住的，但没有政治性的，但没有政治上的联系。尽管考古学家试图通过各种手段来解决这一辩论，但只有考古化学才能在拟议的蒂瓦纳库殖民地中从首都蒂瓦纳库（Tiwanaku）确定殖民者。通过一种新技术，该技术利用了考古牙齿和骨骼中的锶和同位素比率，Knudson将确定人们将人们埋葬在拟议中的Tiwanaku殖民地中生活的前5年。通过确定拟议中提议的Tiwanaku殖民地的住宅流动性模式及其与首都Tiwanaku的生物学关系，Knudson将检验有关Tiwanaku政体性质的各种假设。这项研究在各个层面上都很重要。由于这种有力的方法仍然相对较新，因此这项论文研究将有助于完善对考古学中的锶和铅同位素分析的使用，并将有助于说服考古界的效用。此外，这项研究将阐明蒂瓦纳库（Tiwanaku）的​​首都与腹地的蒂瓦纳库（Tiwanaku）遗址之间的关系，并将帮助安第斯山脉（Andeanists）解决有关蒂瓦纳库政治性质的辩论。最后，由于有关帝国战略的大多数信息来自存在书面记录的地区和时间段，因此有关Tiwanaku Heartland-Hintland互动和帝国战略的研究将扩大有关居民流动性在史前国家发展和维护中的作用的最新知识。这项工作还将有助于培训一位有前途的年轻科学家。