Tracking the Causes and Consequences of Racial Disparities in Imprisonment

追踪监狱中种族差异的原因和后果

• 批准号: 0136833
• 负责人: Pamela Oliver
• 金额: $ 4.84万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-15 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0136833&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Tracking; Causes; Consequences; Racial; Disparities

SES-0136833Pamela OliverUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonThis pilot project will examine the feasibility of creating a database that will allow the PI to study both the overall trend of rising imprisonment and rising racial disparities in imprisonment, and geographical and temporal differences in these trends. The PI will use official data sets on arrests, imprisonment merged with social, economic, and demographic factors to create the new longitudinal data set that allow one to control for current and previous reported crimes and race-specific arrest rates as well as social factors in predicting imprisonment rates. Cross-sectionally, the most serious crime is found to account for very little of the racial disparity in prison admissions; differential arrest rates and differential prison/arrest ratios in drug offenses and property crimes account for the majority of imprisonment disparity. The research seeks to determine the factors that lead to high enforcement levels against African Americans for drug offenses and lower-level offenses. A range of hypotheses will be tested, i.e., this enforcement arises as a reaction to prior elevated levels of serious violent crimes, to increasing in-migration or integration of minorities and whites, to exogenous macroeconomic or political factors that affect crime or policing, or to "shocks" such as drug panics. Secondly, it seeks to identify the consequences of high rates of imprisonment of African Americans, testing the hypothesis that, net of controls, black imprisonment rates adversely affects black economic well-being and family stability in a manner that indirectly contribute to increasing crime ratesExisting official data sets will be processed to create this new longitudinal data set containing county-level data on race-and offense-specific arrest and incarceration rates, along with a wide variety of social, economic and legal indicators. The data set will be constructed for the time period of 1983-1997 and completed by merging data from the National Corrections Reporting Program and the Uniform Crime Reports, along with other data on law enforcement, corrections, social, economic and demographic factors from the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Justice Statistics and other sources.

SES-0136833Pamela Oliver 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校 该试点项目将研究创建数据库的可行性，该数据库将使 PI 能够研究监禁增加和监禁中种族差异增加的总体趋势，以及这些趋势的地理和时间差异。 PI 将使用有关逮捕、监禁的官方数据集，并结合社会、经济和人口因素来创建新的纵向数据集，使人们能够控制当前和以前报告的犯罪、特定种族的逮捕率以及社会因素。预测监禁率。 从横截面来看，最严重的犯罪在监狱入狱人数的种族差异中所起的作用微乎其微；毒品犯罪和财产犯罪中不同的逮捕率和不同的监狱/逮捕比率是监禁差异的主要原因。 该研究旨在确定导致非裔美国人因毒品犯罪和较低级别犯罪而受到高执法水平的因素。 将测试一系列假设，即，这种执法是对先前严重暴力犯罪水平升高、少数族裔和白人移民增加或融合、影响犯罪或治安的外生宏观经济或政治因素的反应，或药物恐慌等“冲击”。 其次，它试图确定非裔美国人高监禁率的后果，检验这样的假设：在不加控制的情况下，黑人监禁率对黑人经济福祉和家庭稳定产生不利影响，从而间接导致犯罪率上升。将处理数据集以创建这个新的纵向数据集，其中包含有关特定种族和犯罪的逮捕和监禁率的县级数据，以及各种社会、经济和法律指标。 该数据集将构建 1983 年至 1997 年期间的数据，并通过合并来自国家惩教报告计划和统一犯罪报告的数据以及来自人口普查的有关执法、惩戒、社会、经济和人口因素的其他数据来完成统计局、司法局统计等来源。