Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS)

社会科学分时实验（TESS）

• 批准号: 0094964
• 负责人: Diana Mutz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-06-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0094964&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Time; sharing; Experiments; Social; Sciences

Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) is designed to accomplish six goals:1. to provide numerous social scientists with new opportunities for original data collection:2. to promote innovative experiments;3. to increase the precision with which fundamental social, political and economic dynamics are measured and understood:4. to increase the speed and efficiency with which advances in social scientific theory and analyses can be applied to critical social problems:5. to maximize financial efficiency by combining otherwise separate studies, thereby radically reducing the average and marginal costs of each study:6. to create an Internet portal for people who want to learn about social science experimentation -- a place where teachers and students at many levels can easily benefit from these collective accomplishments.TESS will accomplish these goals using two large-scale, cooperative data collection instruments. Both the internet-based and telephone-based instruments will allow researchers to run novel experiments on a national random sample of American households for the purpose of examining substantive or methodological hypotheses. Scholars across the social sciences will compete for time on one or both instruments. A comprehensive review process will screen proposals for the importance of their contribution to science. The co-PIs. assisted by leading researchers from Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology. Communication, Cognitive Science and related disciplines, will oversee the review process, drawing on reviews solicited from within each proposer's discipline. Because the data collection instruments will be in the field on a continuous basis, accepted experiments can be conducted quickly.Technologically, TESS combines the proven power of computer-assisted telephone interviewing with the new possibilities of computer-assisted Internet interviewing. Each approach allows researchers to capture the internal validity of traditional experiments while realizing the benefits of contact with large. diverse subject populations. Researchers can also use TESS to conduct experiments across interviewing modes. Such studies will reveal the extent to which phone and laboratory-based experimental findings are robust to interview contexts that can be created on home computers across the country. Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences provides new opportunities, both methodological and substantive, to a wide range of researchers.During the grant period TESS will open new research opportunities for over 150 individual researchers or research teams. By capitalizing on numerous economies of scale and having multiple experiments share time on each data collection instrument, TESS will allow numerous researchers to collect data tailored to their own hypotheses at an extraordinarily low cost per study. As a consequence, TESS will provide many social scientists with increased incentives to design innovative experiments. Moreover, by providing data collection instruments that are in the field on an ongoing basis, TESS will accelerate the pace at which research can be done and allow researchers to design studies that respond to current events.Education and training are integral parts of TESS. The website for this project, ExperimentCentral.org, is the core of an educational strategy. In addition to coordinating the submission and review process for TESS proposals. ExperimentCentral.org will allow students and teachers at many levels to learn about the many benefits of past and present social science experimentation. The site, in addition to providing quick and easy access to TESS data and analyses, will make it easier for many internet users to find experimental websites from the social sciences. The educational strategy also includes substantial graduate student training throughout the five-year project.In sum, Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences offers new opportunities for both substantive and methodological advances. The key to TESS is multiple studies from different disciplines sharing common observational platforms, all exploiting the inferential power and measurement efficiencies of experimental designs. This time-sharing on data collection platforms is also the key to economic efficiencies of TESS. By distributing the costs of sampling, interviewing, and instrument collection over a large number of studies, the marginal cost of each study can be reduced by orders of magnitude, indeed, often to a tenth or less of what each would cost if done on its own.

社会科学分时实验（TESS）旨在实现六个目标：1。为众多社会科学家提供原始数据收集的新机会：2．促进创新实验；3．提高衡量和理解基本社会、政治和经济动态的精确度：4．提高社会科学理论和分析的进步应用于关键社会问题的速度和效率：5。通过结合其他单独的研究来最大限度地提高财务效率，从而从根本上降低每项研究的平均和边际成本：6。为那些想要了解社会科学实验的人们创建一个互联网门户——一个让各个层次的教师和学生可以轻松地从这些集体成就中受益的地方。TESS 将使用两个大规模的合作数据收集工具来实现这些目标。基于互联网和基于电话的工具都将允许研究人员对美国家庭的全国随机样本进行新颖的实验，以检验实质性或方法论假设。社会科学领域的学者将争夺使用一种或两种仪器的时间。全面的审查过程将筛选提案对科学贡献的重要性。共同PI。由来自经济学、政治学、心理学、社会学的顶尖研究人员协助。传播学、认知科学和相关学科将根据每个提案者所在学科内征求的评审意见来监督评审过程。由于数据收集仪器将持续在现场，因此可以快速进行可接受的实验。在技术上，TESS 将计算机辅助电话访谈的成熟功能与计算机辅助互联网访谈的新可能性结合起来。每种方法都允许研究人员捕捉传统实验的内部有效性，同时实现与大型实验接触的好处。不同的主题人群。研究人员还可以使用 TESS 进行跨访谈模式的实验。此类研究将揭示基于电话和实验室的实验结果对于可以在全国范围内的家用计算机上创建的采访环境的稳健程度。社会科学分时实验为广大研究人员提供了方法论和实质性方面的新机会。在资助期间，TESS 将为超过 150 名个人研究人员或研究团队提供新的研究机会。通过利用众多的规模经济并让多个实验在每个数据收集仪器上共享时间，TESS 将使众多研究人员能够以极低的每项研究成本收集适合自己假设的数据。因此，TESS 将为许多社会科学家提供更多的动力来设计创新实验。此外，通过持续提供现场数据收集工具，TESS 将加快研究速度，并允许研究人员设计针对当前事件的研究。教育和培训是 TESS 的组成部分。该项目的网站 ExperimentCentral.org 是教育策略的核心。此外，还协调 TESS 提案的提交和审核流程。 ExperimentCentral.org 将让各个层次的学生和教师了解过去和现在社会科学实验的诸多好处。该网站除了提供对 TESS 数据和分析的快速、轻松访问之外，还将使许多互联网用户更容易找到社会科学的实验网站。教育战略还包括在整个五年项目中进行大量的研究生培训。总之，社会科学分时实验为实质性和方法论的进步提供了新的机会。 TESS 的关键是来自不同学科的多项研究共享共同的观察平台，所有研究都利用实验设计的推理能力和测量效率。这种数据收集平台的分时也是TESS经济效率的关键。通过将抽样、访谈和仪器收集的成本分摊到大量研究中，每项研究的边际成本可以降低几个数量级，事实上，通常可以降低到每项研究单独进行的成本的十分之一或更少。自己的。