Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS)

社会科学分时实验（TESS）

• 批准号: 0094964
• 负责人: Diana Mutz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-06-01 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0094964&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Time; sharing; Experiments; Social; Sciences; Time; sharing; Experiments; Social; Sciences

Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) is designed to accomplish six goals:1. to provide numerous social scientists with new opportunities for original data collection:2. to promote innovative experiments;3. to increase the precision with which fundamental social, political and economic dynamics are measured and understood:4. to increase the speed and efficiency with which advances in social scientific theory and analyses can be applied to critical social problems:5. to maximize financial efficiency by combining otherwise separate studies, thereby radically reducing the average and marginal costs of each study:6. to create an Internet portal for people who want to learn about social science experimentation -- a place where teachers and students at many levels can easily benefit from these collective accomplishments.TESS will accomplish these goals using two large-scale, cooperative data collection instruments. Both the internet-based and telephone-based instruments will allow researchers to run novel experiments on a national random sample of American households for the purpose of examining substantive or methodological hypotheses. Scholars across the social sciences will compete for time on one or both instruments. A comprehensive review process will screen proposals for the importance of their contribution to science. The co-PIs. assisted by leading researchers from Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology. Communication, Cognitive Science and related disciplines, will oversee the review process, drawing on reviews solicited from within each proposer's discipline. Because the data collection instruments will be in the field on a continuous basis, accepted experiments can be conducted quickly.Technologically, TESS combines the proven power of computer-assisted telephone interviewing with the new possibilities of computer-assisted Internet interviewing. Each approach allows researchers to capture the internal validity of traditional experiments while realizing the benefits of contact with large. diverse subject populations. Researchers can also use TESS to conduct experiments across interviewing modes. Such studies will reveal the extent to which phone and laboratory-based experimental findings are robust to interview contexts that can be created on home computers across the country. Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences provides new opportunities, both methodological and substantive, to a wide range of researchers.During the grant period TESS will open new research opportunities for over 150 individual researchers or research teams. By capitalizing on numerous economies of scale and having multiple experiments share time on each data collection instrument, TESS will allow numerous researchers to collect data tailored to their own hypotheses at an extraordinarily low cost per study. As a consequence, TESS will provide many social scientists with increased incentives to design innovative experiments. Moreover, by providing data collection instruments that are in the field on an ongoing basis, TESS will accelerate the pace at which research can be done and allow researchers to design studies that respond to current events.Education and training are integral parts of TESS. The website for this project, ExperimentCentral.org, is the core of an educational strategy. In addition to coordinating the submission and review process for TESS proposals. ExperimentCentral.org will allow students and teachers at many levels to learn about the many benefits of past and present social science experimentation. The site, in addition to providing quick and easy access to TESS data and analyses, will make it easier for many internet users to find experimental websites from the social sciences. The educational strategy also includes substantial graduate student training throughout the five-year project.In sum, Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences offers new opportunities for both substantive and methodological advances. The key to TESS is multiple studies from different disciplines sharing common observational platforms, all exploiting the inferential power and measurement efficiencies of experimental designs. This time-sharing on data collection platforms is also the key to economic efficiencies of TESS. By distributing the costs of sampling, interviewing, and instrument collection over a large number of studies, the marginal cost of each study can be reduced by orders of magnitude, indeed, often to a tenth or less of what each would cost if done on its own.

社会科学（TESS）的时间共享实验旨在实现六个目标：1。为众多社会科学家提供原始数据收集的新机会：2。促进创新实验; 3。为了提高衡量和理解基本的社会，政治和经济动态的精确度：4。为了提高社会科学理论和分析的进步的速度和效率，可以应用于关键的社会问题：5。通过结合原本单独的研究来最大化财务效率，从而从根本上降低了每项研究的平均成本和边际成本：6。为了为想要了解社会科学实验的人们创建一个互联网门户 - 在这个地方，老师和学生可以轻松地从这些集体成就中受益。TESS将使用两种大规模的合作数据收集工具来实现这些目标。基于Internet和基于电话的工具都将使研究人员能够在美国家庭的全国随机样本上进行新颖的实验，以研究实质性或方法论假设。整个社会科学的学者将在一种或两种乐器上竞争时间。全面的审查过程将筛选提案，以了解其对科学的贡献。 Co-Pis。在经济学，政治学，心理学，社会学的领先研究人员的协助下。沟通，认知科学和相关学科将监督审查过程，并利用从每个提议者的学科中征求的评论。由于数据收集工具将连续出现在现场，因此可以快速进行公认的实验。从技术上讲，TESS结合了计算机辅助电话采访的可靠力量与计算机辅助互联网访谈的新可能性相结合。每种方法都使研究人员可以捕获传统实验的内部有效性，同时意识到与大型接触的好处。多样化的受试者人群。研究人员还可以使用苔丝在访谈模式中进行实验。这样的研究将揭示基于电话和实验室的实验发现在多大程度上可以在全国各地的家用计算机上创建的访谈环境。社会科学的时间共享实验为广泛的研究人员提供了新的机会，无论是方法论上还是实质性的。通过利用众多规模经济并有多个实验在每个数据收集工具上分享时间，TESS将允许许多研究人员收集根据自己的假设量身定制的数据，每项研究的成本非常低。结果，苔丝将为许多社会科学家提供更多的激励措施设计创新的实验。此外，通过持续提供现场的数据收集工具，TESS将加速可以进行研究的步伐，并允许研究人员设计对当前事件的响应的研究。教育和培训是TESS不可或缺的一部分。该项目的网站passimentCentral.org是教育策略的核心。除了协调苔丝提案的提交和审查过程外。 ExperimentCentral.org将允许许多层次的学生和老师了解过去和现在的社会科学实验的许多好处。该网站除了提供快速轻松地访问苔丝数据和分析外，还将使许多互联网用户更容易从社交科学中找到实验网站。教育策略还包括在整个五年项目中进行大量研究生培训。总而言之，社会科学的时间共享实验为实质和方法论进步提供了新的机会。苔丝的关键是来自不同学科的多项研究，共享共同的观察平台，所有研究都利用了实验设计的推论能力和测量效率。在数据收集平台上共享的时间也是苔丝经济效率的关键。通过在大量研究中分配抽样，访谈和仪器收集的成本，每项研究的边际成本可以通过数量级来降低，实际上，如果单独完成，每种研究的成本通常会成本。