COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Diversity Partitioning during a Marine Biotic Invasion: Middle and Late Ordovician, Cincinnati Arch and Nashville Dome

合作研究：海洋生物入侵期间的多样性划分：奥陶世中晚期、辛辛那提拱门和纳什维尔圆顶

• 批准号: 0087084
• 负责人: Mark Patzkowsky
• 金额: $ 5.5万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-15 至 2005-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0087084&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Diversity; Partitioning; during

ABSTRACTAlthough ecologists and paleoecologists have long sought to understand what controls biotic diversity, modern biological crises such as widespread extinction and the introduction of exotic species have made this search for understanding increasingly urgent. Modern ecological studies are well suited for describing and predicting the short-term ecological interactions and changes that occur during biotic invasions, that is, the large-scale introduction of exotic species to a region. However, paleontological studies are much better suited for documenting the long-term impacts of such episodes as well as identifying the rules by which ecosystems are constructed or dismantled. Most previous studies of fossil biotic invasions have come from relatively young deposits from the Cenozoic Era (from 65 million years old to the present). Study of much older biotic invasions is needed to determine whether the outcome of these younger biotic invasions is typical of biotic invasions throughout geologic history. Conservation strategies will depend on whether a few simple rules for the long-term effects of biotic invasions exist or whether the long-term effects of any given invasion are idiosyncratic and less likely to be predictable.PIs propose to document how a marine ecosystem responded to a Late Ordovician (454 to 444 million years ago) biotic invasion that affected shallow marine communities in the region stretching from Cincinnati, Ohio to Nashville, Tennessee. Specifically, they will determine for this 10 million-year window of time how diversity changed within individual ecological communities (alpha diversity), how the distinctiveness of ecological communities changed (beta diversity), and how the diversity changed over this entire geographic region (gamma diversity). Because each of these measures of diversity is linked to specific ecological predictions regarding the importance of incumbency of species, vacant ecological niches, and ecological interactions between species, our study will be able not only to document changes in diversity partitioning, but will identify the ecological roots of those changes. Their research will build on their previous studies in the Nashville region and will use advanced sequence-stratigraphic frameworks to reconstruct environmental conditions and to establish the temporal sequence of events within the region. PIs expect that the methods they will develop for studying biotic invasions may be useful for studying biotic crises in other parts of the geological record.

摘要：尽管生态学家和古生态学家长期以来一直在寻求了解控制生物多样性的因素，但大范围灭绝和外来物种引入等现代生物危机使得这种了解变得越来越紧迫。 现代生态研究非常适合描述和预测生物入侵期间发生的短期生态相互作用和变化，即外来物种大规模引入一个地区。 然而，古生物学研究更适合记录此类事件的长期影响以及确定生态系统构建或拆除的规则。此前大多数关于化石生物入侵的研究都来自新生代（从 6500 万年前至今）相对年轻的沉积物。 需要对更古老的生物入侵进行研究，以确定这些更年轻的生物入侵的结果是否是整个地质历史中生物入侵的典型结果。 保护策略将取决于生物入侵的长期影响是否存在一些简单的规则，或者任何特定入侵的长期影响是否具有特殊性且不太可能预测。PI建议记录海洋生态系统如何应对晚奥陶世（454至4.44亿年前）生物入侵影响了从俄亥俄州辛辛那提到田纳西州纳什维尔地区的浅海生物群落。 具体来说，他们将确定在这 1000 万年的时间窗口内，各个生态群落内的多样性如何变化（α 多样性）、生态群落的独特性如何变化（β 多样性）以及整个地理区域的多样性如何变化（伽玛多样性）。多样性）。由于这些多样性衡量标准中的每一个都与特定的生态预测有关，这些预测涉及物种的存在、空缺的生态位以及物种之间的生态相互作用的重要性，因此我们的研究不仅能够记录多样性分配的变化，而且能够确定生态多样性的变化。这些变化的根源。 他们的研究将以之前在纳什维尔地区的研究为基础，并将使用先进的层序地层框架来重建环境条件并建立该地区事件的时间序列。 PI 期望他们开发的用于研究生物入侵的方法可能有助于研究地质记录其他部分的生物危机。