Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant: Cut Marks as Evidence of Precolumbian Human Sacrifice and Postmortem Bone Modification on the North Coast of Peru

博士论文研究补助金：作为秘鲁北海岸前哥伦布时代人类祭祀和死后骨骼改造证据的切割痕迹

• 批准号: 0075174
• 负责人: John Verano
• 金额: $ 0.32万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2002-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0075174&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Grant; Cut

This project seeks funding for the analysis of osteological remains with cut marks associated with the Moche (A.D. 100-800) culture of ancient Peru. The principal goal of this study is to investigate Moche human sacrificial practices as represented by physical evidence, and compare them to idealized behavior depicted in Moche iconography. Recent archaeological discoveries have lent support to the argument that scenes of prisoner torture, sacrifice, mutilation, and dismemberment present in Moche iconography may depict actual events. Studying the relationship between actual and idealized ritual behavior will result in a more complete understanding of the interrelationships between Moche technology, iconography, and ideology in particular, and of Moche culture in general. This project will provide the baseline data necessary to address larger issues such as Moche socio-political relationships and religious cosmology. In this proposed study, macroscopic and microscopic techniques will be used to analyze cut mark morphology and patterning from human skeletal remains excavated from Moche sacrificial contexts. The human remains included in the primary data sample are from the Huaca de la Luna in the Moche Valley, El Brujo in the Chicama Valley, and Dos Cabezas in the Jequetepeque Valley. For comparative purposes, human bones from a Lambayeque (A.D. 800-1375) mass burial and butchered faunal remains from Moche and Lambayque sites are included in this study. Cut marks will be recorded in terms of frequency, location, morphology, length, orientation relative to one another and to the long axis of the bone, anatomical association, and inferred activity. Casts of selected cut marks will be examined under a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope to record more detailed information on cut mark morphology and tool type (i.e., metal vs. stone). This dissertation research project will address questions of cut mark frequencies, patterning, differential treatment of sacrificial victims, and tool type. It will also compare the patterns of cut mark location and frequency on human remains with those on butchered camelid remains and look for changes in the treatment of sacrificial victims cross-culturally through time. In addition, this project will include an examination of cut mark patterns to see if they can be used to identify different types of ritual activities, and how the physical evidence compares with iconographic representations of ritual behavior.

该项目寻求资金来分析与古代秘鲁的摩切尔（A.D. 100-800）培养物相关的骨遗体分析。 这项研究的主要目的是研究以物理证据为代表的摩切人类牺牲实践，并将其与摩切象征中描述的理想化行为进行比较。 最近的考古发现支持这样的论点：摩切象征学中出现的囚犯酷刑，牺牲，肢解和肢解的场景可能描绘了实际事件。 研究实际和理想化的仪式行为之间的关系将使人们对摩切技术，肖像学，尤其是意识形态，尤其是摩尔文化之间的相互关系有更全面的了解。 该项目将提供必要的基线数据，以解决更大的问题，例如摩尔社会政治关系和宗教宇宙学。 在这项拟议的研究中，宏观和微观技术将用于分析从人类骨骼中挖掘出从摩切牺牲环境中发掘出的人类骨骼的剪切形态和图案。 主要数据样本中包括的人类遗体来自摩切河谷的Huaca de la Luna，奇卡玛山谷的El Brujo和Jequetepeque Valley的Dos Cabezas。 出于比较目的，本研究包括来自兰巴耶克（A.D. 800-1375）的人体骨骼（A.D. 800-1375）的大规模埋葬和屠宰的动物遗体，来自Moche和Lambayque地点。 剪切标记将以相对于彼此的频率，位置，形态，长度，方向以及骨骼的长轴，解剖结合和推断活性记录。 选定的切割标记的铸件将在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下进行检查，以记录有关切割标记形态和工具类型（即金属与石材）的更详细信息。该论文研究项目将解决剪切频率，模式，牺牲受害者的差异处理和工具类型的问题。 它还将比较人类遗体上的痕迹位置和频率的模式与屠宰骆驼上的遗体的模式，并随着时间的流逝，在跨文化的牺牲受害者的治疗中寻找变化。 此外，该项目将包括对切割标记模式的检查，以查看它们是否可以用于识别不同类型的仪式活动，以及如何与仪式行为的图像表达相提并论。