Large Fluctuations in Systems Lacking Time-reversal Symmetry

缺乏时间反转对称性的系统中的大波动

基本信息

批准号：
0071059
负责人：
Mark Dykman
金额：
$ 17.1万
依托单位：
Michigan State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-07-01 至 2005-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0071059&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Large Fluctuations Systems Lacking Time

项目摘要

0071059Dykman Large fluctuations give rise to many important physical phenomena, from radioactive decay to nucleation in phase transitions and to protein folding. The goal of the proposed research is to develop appropriate mathematical tools and investigate large quantum and classical fluctuations in systems which lack time-reversal symmetry. The problems of specific interest are single- and many-electron tunneling in a magnetic field, including tunneling from correlated two-dimensional electron systems, and escape from a metastable state of nonequilibrium classical and quantum systems, including systems driven by periodic fields. Breaking of time-reversal symmetry results in the occurrence of singularities in the pattern of optimal fluctuational paths. The singularities are expected to have common features in classical and quantum systems. Revealing these features is necessary for evaluating fluctuation probabilities and finding efficient ways of controlling them by external fields. Theoretical results will be compared with experimental data. The goal of the research is to develop theoretical methods of the analysis of large fluctuations in quantum and classical systems lacking time-reversal symmetry, and to investigate related newphysical effects. Although the research is fundamental, its results bear on several applications. It is immediately related to using large fluctuations as a diagnostic tool and controlling fluctuationprobabilities. Concurrent interest and growing body of experimental work on large fluctuations in different areas of physics, chemistry, and biology make the project particularly timely.

0071059dykman大波动引起了许多重要的物理现象，从放射性衰减到相变的成核，再到蛋白质折叠。拟议的研究的目的是开发适当的数学工具，并研究缺乏及时对称性的系统中的大量量子和经典波动。特定感兴趣的问题是磁场中的单电子和多电子隧道，包括从相关的二维电子系统中进行隧穿，以及逃离非平衡经典和量子系统的亚稳态状态，包括周期性磁场驱动的系统。时间反转对称性的破坏导致最佳波动路径模式的奇异性发生。奇异性有望在古典和量子系统中具有共同的特征。揭示这些特征对于评估波动概率和寻找通过外部田地控制它们的有效方法是必要的。理论结果将与实验数据进行比较。该研究的目的是开发理论方法，分析缺乏时间反转对称性的量子和经典系统中的大波动，并研究相关的新物理效应。尽管这项研究是基本的，但其结果在多种应用上占据。它立即与使用大型波动作为诊断工具和控制波动性。同时对物理，化学和生物学不同领域的大量波动的实验工作的兴趣和不断增长的实验性工作使该项目尤其及时。