Conference on Mechanisms of Cognitive Development: Behavioral and Neural Perspectives, Pittsburgh, PA, October 1998

认知发展机制会议：行为和神经视角，宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡，1998 年 10 月

• 批准号: 9729061
• 负责人: James McClelland
• 金额: $ 3.18万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-03-01 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9729061&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Conference; Mechanisms; Cognitive; Development; Behavioral

This grant will support a conference to bring together researchers from a variety of backgrounds to consider how children's thinking evolves during development, with a particular focus on the role of experience in causing change. This is a fundamental topic related both to the processes by which children learn and those that make children ready and able to learn from experience. Both behavioral and neural approaches to these issues will be considered. The behavioral approaches will include research on the 'microgenesis' of cognitive change---that is, research that considers development as it occurs over relatively short periods of time (e.g., several hour-long sessions) in specific task situations such as solving arithmetic problems. Research on cognitive change over longer time scales (months and years) will also be considered, as will research that uses computational modeling and dynamical systems approaches to processes by which change in thinking ability occur. Neural approaches will include the study of the way in which neuronal responses, and the connections among neurons, change in response to experience, particularly as these changes are expressed during the actual process of acquiring new thinking skills in children and adults. Other neural approaches include studies of the possible basis of the emergence of cognitive abilities through the progressive maturation of various brain structures, and studies of the effects of experience on the organization of and internal representations in various brain regions. The conference will also consider developmental anomalies such as autism and attention deficit disorder as windows on normal function. The following questions will be examined in the course of the workshop: 1) Why do cognitive abilities emerge when they do during development? 2) What are the sources of developmental and individual differences, and of developmental anomalies in learning? 3) What happens in the brain when people learn? 4) How can experiences be ordered and timed so as to optimize learning? The answers to these questions have strong implications for how we educate children and remediate deficits that impede development of thinking abilities. These implications will be drawn out in discussions among the participants. The proceedings of the symposium will be published as a volume in the Carnegie Symposium series.

该赠款将支持一次会议，以将各种背景的研究人员聚集在一起，以考虑儿童思维在发展过程中的发展，并特别关注经验在引起变化中的作用。 这是一个与儿童学习的过程以及使孩子准备好并能够从经验中学习的过程的基本话题。 将考虑针对这些问题的行为和神经方法。 行为方法将包括对认知变化的“微造成”的研究 - 也就是说，在相对较短的时间（例如，长达几个小时的会话）中考虑开发的研究，例如解决算术算术问题。 还将考虑对更长时间尺度（几个月和几年）的认知变化的研究，以及使用计算建模和动态系统方法来进行思维能力变化的过程的研究。神经方法将包括研究神经元反应的方式以及神经元之间的联系，对经验的响应变化，尤其是在获得儿童和成人新思维技能的实际过程中表达的这些变化。 其他神经方法包括研究通过各种大脑结构的逐渐成熟的认知能力出现的可能基础的研究，以及对经验对各个大脑区域组织和内部表示的影响的研究。 该会议还将将自闭症和注意力缺陷障碍等发展异常视为正常功能的窗口。 在研讨会的过程中将检查以下问题：1）为什么认知能力在发展过程中会出现？ 2）发展和个体差异的来源以及学习的发展异常？ 3）当人们学习时，大脑会发生什么？ 4）如何订购和计时以优化学习？ 这些问题的答案对我们如何教育儿童和妨碍思维能力发展的缺陷具有很大的影响。 这些含义将在参与者之间的讨论中提出。 研讨会的会议记录将在卡内基研讨会系列中发表。