Air-Sea Coupling Mechanisms in Tropical Cyclones

热带气旋中的海气耦合机制

• 批准号: 9714885
• 负责人: Lynn Shay
• 金额: $ 50.28万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-03-15 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9714885&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Air; Sea; Coupling; Mechanisms; Tropical

9714885 Shay The U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) is an interagency activity designed to perform and implement the research necessary to improve the delivery of weather services to the nation. Under this Program, the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Office of Naval Research are jointly evaluating and supporting research of high priority to the USWRP. One of the primary goals of the USWRP is to perform the research necessary to improve track and intensity forecasts of hurricanes. The goal of this research effort is to improve understanding of the role of air- sea interactions in modifying the near-surface wind structure of tropical cyclones. Of particular importance is to understand the role of these interactions as tropical cyclones pass over warm oceanic features that surround the United States Eastern Seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico states. Specific research objectives are: (a) Determine locations and heat content of warm core oceanic eddies; (b) Examine the forcing of warm ocean features on enhanced surface stresses, fluxes and waves in the APBL and the role of the OPBL feedback on the APBL; and (c) Quantify the roles of mixing and horizontal advection of SST and salinity gradients including the mass, heat and salt budgets in the OPBL. Research approach involves an ocean monitoring program based on satellite remote sensing to detect warm, mesoscale oceanic features during the summer months. These features will be monitored using the analyzed sea-surface height anomalies derived from the NASA TOPEX and Geosat Follow On missions to determine their locations relative to the forecast storm track. Sea surface temperatures will be monitored from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Additionally, as part of the NOAA Hurricane Research Division experimental field program, a coupled atmospheric and oceanic ob servational program will be conducted from an NOAA aircraft. Observations will include measurement of upper ocean current, temperature and density structure using airborne expendable profilers. Concurrent observations of the turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and moisture in the APBL during these oceanographic deployments; and remote-sensing of surface winds and stresses using the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer and airborne C-Band Scatterometer, and possibly 2-dimensional directional wave spectra from the NASA Scanning Radar Altimeter will be acquired during reconnaissance and research missions. Successful completion of this research will lead to a better understanding of the role of warm upper oceanic features on surface wind variations. This may lead to improved boundary layer parameterizations and improved hurricane intensity forecasts. ***

9714885 Shay美国天气研究计划（USWRP）是一项机构间活动，旨在执行和实施改善向国家提供天气服务的必要研究。 根据该计划，国家科学基金会，国家海洋与大气管理局（NOAA），国家航空航天管理局（NASA）和海军研究办公室共同评估和支持USWRP优先级的研究。 USWRP的主要目标之一是执行必要的研究，以改善飓风的轨道和强度预测。 这项研究工作的目的是提高对空气相互作用在修改热带气旋的近表面风结构中的作用的理解。 特别重要的是，随着热带气旋经过美国东部沿海和墨西哥湾国家的温暖海洋特征，这些相互作用的作用。 特定的研究目标是：（a）确定温暖的核心海洋涡流的位置和热含量； （b）检查温暖的海洋特征在APBL中增强的表面应力，通量和波浪的强迫以及OPBL反馈在APBL上的作用； （c）量化SST和盐度梯度的混合和水平对流的作用，包括OPBL中的质量，热和盐预算。 研究方法涉及基于卫星遥感的海洋监测计划，以检测夏季的温暖，中尺度的海洋特征。这些功能将使用来自NASA Topex和Geosat衍生的分析的海面高度异常进行监测，然后在任务上确定其相对于预测风暴轨迹的位置。 海面温度将从高级高分辨率辐射计监测。 此外，作为NOAA飓风研究部实验现场计划的一部分，将通过NOAA飞机进行大气和海洋OB服务。 观察结果将包括使用空降的消耗式介绍者测量上海流电流，温度和密度结构。 在这些海洋部署期间，APBL的动量，热量和水分的湍流同时观察；在侦察和研究任务期间，将获取使用阶梯频率微波辐射仪和空气中的C波段散射仪的遥感和应力，以及可能从NASA扫描雷达高度计的二维方向波光谱。 这项研究的成功完成将使人们更好地了解温暖的上海特征在地表风变化中的作用。 这可能会导致边界层参数化改善，并改善飓风强度的预测。 ***