Hydrothermal Activity in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica: Sample Analysis and Data Reduction

南极洲布兰斯菲尔德海峡的热液活动：样本分析和数据缩减

• 批准号: 9615259
• 负责人: Gary Klinkhammer
• 金额: $ 9.28万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-03-01 至 1998-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9615259&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hydrothermal; Activity; Bransfield; Strait; Antarctica

OPP 9615259 Klinkhammer In the austral summer of 1995 a research team from Oregon State University conducted a survey of hydrothermal activity in the Bransfield Strait (cruise NBP9507). The approach was to search the water column for the types of anomalies in temperature, turbidity, and chemistry that are known to be indicative of hydrothermal plumes in mid-ocean ridge settings. This work produced a detailed picture of the hydrography of this area in addition to locating three active hydrothermal areas in the Central Basin. These are the first deep ocean hydrothermal sites ever discovered in a polar region. A plume being discharged to the Strait through the entrance to the sunken caldera at Deception Island was also discovered. Follow-up research on these discoveries is important for several reasons: (1) Bransfield is isolated from the system of mid-ocean ridges and has a relatively short history of rifting (approximately 4 my). So, while the Bransfield straddles the Atlantic and Pacific, vent biota in the Strait may well have a distinct genealogy. It will not be possible to sample biota until the water analyses and data interpretation are completed. (2) Bransfield is a backarc rift system. It is likely that the vent fluids and mineral deposits associated with venting in this setting are unlike anything sampled so far. The closest analogy is probably the Okinawa Trough or Lau Basin where native gold is part of the hydrothermal assemblage. (3) Bransfield is in a sensitive position as far as world climate and regional productivity. Preliminary evidence suggests that Deception Island is a significant source of hydrothermally affected water to the surface waters of the Strait. Consequently, it as important to quantify this flux and access the biogeochemical impact of this phenomenon. (4) Bransfield is a rift zone which has little spreading or, if spreading is occurring, it began in the recent past. On the other hand there is a definite tectonic fa bric that separates the Strait into three distinct basins. This situation allows an opportunity to study the impact of tectonic processes on the emplacement of hydrothermal circulation cells. The success of the NBP9507 cruise has led to an enormous amount of information on the water column in the Bransfield, both in terms of the amount of data collected by instrument packages and in the number of water samples that were taken for analysis. Over 100 water samples from the Bransfield are available for analysis for total dissolvable manganese. This award supports research to complete this analytical program and to analyze the results. These data will provide information about the nature of hydrothermal activity in the Strait which will be invaluable in understanding the role of hydrothermal waters in regional oceanography and for planning future work.

OPP 9615259 Klinkhammer在1995年澳大利亚夏季的俄勒冈州立大学研究小组对布兰斯菲尔德海峡的热液活动进行了调查（Cruise NBP9507）。 该方法是搜索水柱中的温度，浊度和化学性质中的异常类型，这些异常在中山脊环境中表明表明水热羽流。 这项工作除了在中央盆地中找到三个活跃的热液区域外，还产生了该区域水文的详细图片。 这些是极地地区有史以来第一个深海水热位点。 还发现了一个通过欺骗岛的沉没火山口入口到海峡的羽流。 对这些发现的后续研究很重要，原因有几个：（1）布兰斯菲尔德与中山山脊的系统隔离，并且有相对较短的裂谷历史（大约4个）。 因此，尽管布兰斯菲尔德跨越了大西洋和太平洋，但海峡中的排气生物群可能会有独特的家谱。 在水分析和数据解释完成之前，不可能采样生物群。 （2）Bransfield是一个后卫​​裂谷系统。 在这种情况下，与通风相关的排气液和矿物沉积物可能与迄今为止采样的内容不同。 最接近的类比可能是冲绳槽或Lau盆地，那里的本地黄金是水热组合的一部分。 （3）布兰斯菲尔德（Bransfield）在世界气候和区域生产力方面处于敏感位置。 初步证据表明，欺骗岛是海峡地表水面水热影响的重要来源。 因此，量化这种通量并访问这种现象的生物地球化学影响很重要。 （4）布兰斯菲尔德（Bransfield）是一个裂谷区，几乎没有传播，或者如果发生扩散，则始于最近。 另一方面，有一个明确的构造fa底块，将海峡分为三个不同的盆地。 这种情况使一个机会研究了构造过程对水热循环细胞的振兴的影响。 NBP9507巡航的成功导致了布兰斯菲尔德的水柱上的大量信息，无论是根据仪器包装收集的数据量以及用于分析的水样数量而言。 可以分析来自布兰斯菲尔德的100多种水样，以分析可溶解的锰。 该奖项支持研究完成该分析计划并分析结果。 这些数据将提供有关海峡中水热活动性质的信息，这对于理解水热水在区域海洋学和计划未来工作中的作用是无价的。