Collaborative Research: Species Introductions as Ecological Experiments-Linking Biogeographical Patterns and Ecological Mechanisms

合作研究：物种引进作为生态实验——连接生物地理模式和生态机制

• 批准号: 9528445
• 负责人: Craig Osenberg
• 金额: $ 9.17万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-01 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9528445&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Species; Introductions; Ecological

9528445 Osenberg The introduction of species outside their native ranges can provide unique opportunities to study the factors determining species distributions and abundances on both local and regional scales. Introductions of fishes into lakes are particularly useful because they resemble experiments; they are often replicated (introductions are made to multiple lakes), have controls (nearby lakes that did not receive introductions), and are often documented (recorded by agencies performing the introductions). For example, the redear sunfish (native to the southeastern US) is currently being introduced into Michigan lakes, where the pumpkinseed sunfish is native. The redear and pumpkinseed are similar in morphology and ecology (both feed primarily on snails), and are expected to compete strongly. Indeed, initial studies in Michigan suggest that pumpkinseed populations decline by 80% following redear introduction. The present research makes use of past and ongoing introductions of sunfish into Michigan lakes, coupled with comparative studies of sunfishes in the Carolinas (where both species are native), to explore the consequences of species introductions on native species, examine the causes of geographic distributions, and investigate some of the ecological mechanisms that drive these relationships. Species introductions are an increasingly common source of human impacts on natural systems, yet there is currently little ability to predict their impacts, mitigate their effects, or discriminate between introductions that have major effects and those that are relatively benign. This work attempts to integrate functional morphology, community ecology, and biogeography into a framework that can help resolve these shortcomings, and it addresses these issues in a group of economically and recreationally important fishes.

9528445 Osenberg 引入原生范围之外的物种可以提供独特的机会来研究决定当地和区域范围内物种分布和丰度的因素。 将鱼类引入湖泊特别有用，因为它们类似于实验。它们经常被复制（对多个湖泊进行引进），有控制（附近未收到引进的湖泊），并且经常被记录（由执行引进的机构记录）。 例如，红太阳翻车鱼（原产于美国东南部）目前正被引入密歇根湖，南瓜籽翻车鱼的原产地也在那里。 红豆和南瓜子在形态和生态上相似（都主要以蜗牛为食），预计竞争激烈。 事实上，密歇根州的初步研究表明，南瓜籽数量在引入红豆后下降了 80%。 本研究利用过去和正在进行的翻车鱼引入密歇根湖的研究，结合对卡罗莱纳州翻车鱼（这两种物种都是本地物种）的比较研究，探索物种引入对本地物种的影响，研究地理分布的原因，并研究驱动这些关系的一些生态机制。 物种引入是人类对自然系统影响越来越常见的原因，但目前几乎没有能力预测其影响、减轻其影响或区分具有重大影响和相对良性影响的引入。 这项工作试图将功能形态学、群落生态学和生物地理学整合到一个框架中，以帮助解决这些缺点，并解决了一组经济和娱乐上重要的鱼类的这些问题。