Collaborative Research: Quantitative Hierarchical Models for Fossil and Recent Marine Assemblages

合作研究：化石和近期海洋组合的定量分层模型

• 批准号: 9506606
• 负责人: Robert Gardner
• 金额: $ 3.24万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-03-15 至 1998-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9506606&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Quantitative; Hierarchical; Models

; R o o t E n t r y F h C o m p O b j b W o r d D o c u m e n t O b j e c t P o o l h h 4 @ 7 8 9 : ; = ? @ A F Microsoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.6 ; 9506606 Gardner Some recent studies of marine fossil assemblages suggest that they exhibit a hierarchical pattern of stasis or persistence on time scales ranging from millions to hundreds of millions of years. Other studies seemingly contradict this, suggesting that the taxonomic composition of marine assemblages are open; i.e., that persistent marine communities do not exist. Both views of the stability of these systems invoke abiotic perturbations as major controlling factors. Any ecological model invoked to explain these patterns must include a consideration of the heterogeneous distribution of habitats and ecosystems over a wide range of spatial scales, changes in habitat distribution over time, and the effect that spatial heterogeneity will have on population and community dynamics. In addition, any model must include a consideration of the severity and frequency of abiotic perturbations, which can also occur at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Fortunately, the last decade has seen a tremendous growth in qualitative and quantitative studies in landscape ecology and metapopuulation dynamics specifically designed to examine such problems. This proposal is designed to fund collaborative research between a paleontologist and a landscape ecologist, in order to develop and utilize a quantitative model for the dynamics of ecological units on multiple spatial and temporal scales. This model, CAPS, will integrate metapopulation concepts into the spatial models developed for landscape ecology and examine the relationship between the scales of biotic dynamics with those of disturbance regimes. CAPS will be used to address several problems of paleontological and ecological interest: How do fine-grained, high frequency interactions at the landscape scale affect broader scale properties of species abundance and distribution at metapopulation and biogeographic scales? To what extent does long distance transport stabilize local biotas against extinction due to local disturbances? Is the impact of a given disturbance contingent on its location or timing? What are the relative roles played by disturbance and biotic interactions in producing observed patterns of community structure? Paleontology provides the only long term record of the biotic impact of global change. As a result, the interpretation of spatial and temporal changes in community composition observed in the fossil record is of major importance. The model developed in this proposal will greatly aid in the interpretation of these data. Oh +' 0 $ H l S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n ( 6 D h R:\WWUSER\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOT 9506639 Felicia A. Fauntleroy Felicia A. Fauntleroy @ r @ @ r @ Microsoft Word 6.0 2 ; e = e p p p p p p p C % ' ' ' ) P T e E p p p p p % p p p p % w 9506606 Gardner Some recent studies of marine fossil assem

; 根条目 Fh Comp O b j b 字文档对象池 h h 4 @ 7 8 9 : ; =？ @A F Microsoft Word 6.0 文档 MSWordDoc Word.Document.6 ； 9506606 Gardner 最近对海洋化石组合的一些研究表明，它们在数百万年到数亿年的时间尺度上表现出停滞或持久的分层模式。 其他研究似乎与此相矛盾，表明海洋组合的分类组成是开放的。也就是说，持久的海洋群落并不存在。 这些系统稳定性的两种观点都将非生物扰动作为主要控制因素。 任何用来解释这些模式的生态模型都必须考虑栖息地和生态系统在广泛空间尺度上的异质分布、栖息地分布随时间的变化以及空间异质性对种群和群落动态的影响。 此外，任何模型都必须考虑非生物扰动的严重性和频率，这些扰动也可能发生在多个时间和空间尺度上。 幸运的是，在过去的十年里，专门为研究此类问题而设计的景观生态学和复合种群动态的定性和定量研究有了巨大的增长。 该提案旨在资助古生物学家和景观生态学家之间的合作研究，以开发和利用多个时空尺度上生态单元动态的定量模型。 该模型（CAPS）将把集合种群概念整合到为景观生态学开发的空间模型中，并检查生物动态尺度与干扰机制尺度之间的关系。 CAPS 将用于解决古生物学和生态学利益的几个问题：景观尺度上的细粒度、高频相互作用如何影响集合种群和生物地理尺度上物种丰度和分布的更广泛尺度特性？长距离运输在多大程度上稳定了当地生物群，防止因当地干扰而灭绝？特定干扰的影响是否取决于其位置或时间？干扰和生物相互作用在产生观察到的群落结构模式中发挥什么相对作用？ 古生物学提供了全球变化对生物影响的唯一长期记录。 因此，对化石记录中观察到的群落组成的时空变化的解释至关重要。 本提案中开发的模型将极大地有助于解释这些数据。 Oh +' 0 $ H l 摘要信息 ( 6 D h R:\WWUSER\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOT 9506639 Felicia A. Fauntleroy Felicia A. Fauntleroy @ r @ @ r @ Microsoft Word 6.0 2 ; e = e p p p p p p p C % ' ' ) P T e E p p p p p % p p p p % w 9506606 Gardner 最近对海洋化石组合的一些研究