Collaborative Research: Quantitative Hierarchical Models for Fossil and Recent Marine Assemblages

合作研究：化石和近期海洋组合的定量分层模型

• 批准号: 9506606
• 负责人: Robert Gardner
• 金额: $ 3.24万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-03-15 至 1998-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9506606&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Quantitative; Hierarchical; Models; Collaborative; Research; Quantitative; Hierarchical; Models

; R o o t E n t r y F h C o m p O b j b W o r d D o c u m e n t O b j e c t P o o l h h 4 @ 7 8 9 : ; = ? @ A F Microsoft Word 6.0 Document MSWordDoc Word.Document.6 ; 9506606 Gardner Some recent studies of marine fossil assemblages suggest that they exhibit a hierarchical pattern of stasis or persistence on time scales ranging from millions to hundreds of millions of years. Other studies seemingly contradict this, suggesting that the taxonomic composition of marine assemblages are open; i.e., that persistent marine communities do not exist. Both views of the stability of these systems invoke abiotic perturbations as major controlling factors. Any ecological model invoked to explain these patterns must include a consideration of the heterogeneous distribution of habitats and ecosystems over a wide range of spatial scales, changes in habitat distribution over time, and the effect that spatial heterogeneity will have on population and community dynamics. In addition, any model must include a consideration of the severity and frequency of abiotic perturbations, which can also occur at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Fortunately, the last decade has seen a tremendous growth in qualitative and quantitative studies in landscape ecology and metapopuulation dynamics specifically designed to examine such problems. This proposal is designed to fund collaborative research between a paleontologist and a landscape ecologist, in order to develop and utilize a quantitative model for the dynamics of ecological units on multiple spatial and temporal scales. This model, CAPS, will integrate metapopulation concepts into the spatial models developed for landscape ecology and examine the relationship between the scales of biotic dynamics with those of disturbance regimes. CAPS will be used to address several problems of paleontological and ecological interest: How do fine-grained, high frequency interactions at the landscape scale affect broader scale properties of species abundance and distribution at metapopulation and biogeographic scales? To what extent does long distance transport stabilize local biotas against extinction due to local disturbances? Is the impact of a given disturbance contingent on its location or timing? What are the relative roles played by disturbance and biotic interactions in producing observed patterns of community structure? Paleontology provides the only long term record of the biotic impact of global change. As a result, the interpretation of spatial and temporal changes in community composition observed in the fossil record is of major importance. The model developed in this proposal will greatly aid in the interpretation of these data. Oh +' 0 $ H l S u m m a r y I n f o r m a t i o n ( 6 D h R:\WWUSER\TEMPLATE\NORMAL.DOT 9506639 Felicia A. Fauntleroy Felicia A. Fauntleroy @ r @ @ r @ Microsoft Word 6.0 2 ; e = e p p p p p p p C % ' ' ' ) P T e E p p p p p % p p p p % w 9506606 Gardner Some recent studies of marine fossil assem

; r o o o o t e n t r y f h c o m p o b j b j b j b j b d d o c u c u m e n t o b j e c t p o o l h h h 4 @ 7 8 9：; =？ @ a f microsoft Word 6.0文档msworddoc word.document.6; 9506606加德纳（Gardner）最近对海洋化石组合的一些研究表明，它们在时间尺度上表现出停滞或持久性的层次模式，范围从数百万到亿年来。 其他研究似乎与此相矛盾，这表明海洋组合的分类学组成是开放的。即，持续的海洋社区不存在。 这些系统稳定性的两种观点都将非生物扰动作为主要控制因素。 任何用于解释这些模式的生态模型都必须包括考虑在广泛的空间尺度上栖息地和生态系统的异质分布，随时间推移栖息地分布的变化以及空间异质性对人群和社区动态的影响。 另外，任何模型都必须考虑对非生物扰动的严重性和频率，这也可以在多个时间和空间尺度上发生。 幸运的是，在过去的十年中，景观生态学和跨化动力学在定性和定量研究中的巨大增长，专门用于研究此类问题。 该建议旨在资助古生物学家和景观生态学家之间的合作研究，以开发和利用定量模型，用于在多个空间和时间尺度上生态单位的动态。 该模型（CAPS）将将跨种群概念纳入为景观生态学开发的空间模型，并检查生物动力学量表与干扰方案的尺度之间的关系。 帽子将用于解决古生物学和生态兴趣的几个问题：景观量表处的细粒度高频相互作用如何影响物种丰度和分布的更广泛的量表和生物地理量表？由于局部干扰，长距离运输在多大程度上稳定了局部生物群体，以防止灭绝？给定的干扰因其位置还是时间安排的影响？干扰和生物相互作用在产生观察到的社区结构模式中所扮演的相对角色是什么？ 古生物学提供了全球变化生物影响的唯一长期记录。 结果，对化石记录中观察到的社区组成的空间和时间变化的解释至关重要。 该提案中开发的模型将极大地有助于解释这些数据。 哦， +'0 $ h l s u m m a r y i n f o r m a t i o n（6 d h r：\ wwuser \ template \ normal.dot 9506639 felicia A. Fauntleroy Felicia A. Fauntleroy A. Fauntleroy @ r @ r @ r @ r @ r @ microsoft Word 6.0 2; E = E P P P P P P P P P P C％'''）P T E E P P P P P P P％P％P P％w 9506606 Gardner一些最近对海洋化石组件的研究