Origin and Evolution of the Kerguelen Plume: Constraints from Studies of the Kerguelen Archipelago (Collaborative Research)

凯尔盖朗羽流的起源和演化：凯尔盖朗群岛研究的制约（合作研究）

• 批准号: 9417774
• 负责人: Frederick Frey
• 金额: $ 18.23万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-02-15 至 1997-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9417774&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Origin; Evolution; Kerguelen; Plume; Constraints

Abstract This award supports a project to understand the geochemical evolution of the Kerguelen plume. Mantle plumes are a major vehicle of heat and mass transfer from the Earth's interior. They are also important geochemical windows through which materials and processes of the Earth's interior can be studied. Among mantle plumes, the Kerguelen plume is distinctive because it has created a long (120 million year) magmatic record which included the Kerguelen Plateau, one of the largest oceanic plateaus, the Ninetyeast Rdge, a nearly 5000 kilometer linear chain of volcanoes which formed as the Indian Plate moved northward over the plume, and the Kerguelen Archipelago on the Antarctic plate. This island complex, active from about 40 million years ago to the present, is largely composed of a thick (about 3 kilometers) basaltic plateau lava sequence. This project will undertake detailed geochemical studies of the basaltic rocks on the Kerguelen Archipelago as well as mafic and ultramafic xenoliths occurring in the basaltic lavas. This is a collaboration between Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic institution and the University Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium. This collaborative research program is divides into two projects: (1) The Basalt Project is a study of lavas forming stratigraphic sequences in the plateau lavas which are the oldest and most voluminous extrusive unit in the archipelago. The temporal variations in lava compositions and isotopic ratios of strontium, neodymium and lead will be used to determine temporal variations in proportions of mantle source components, characteristics of the melting process, magma supply rates and crustal processing history, and to evaluate various models for the geochemical characteristics of the plume. (2) The Xenolith Project is a study of lower crustal and mantle xenoliths. This research will include petrography, major and trace element abundances and isotopic ratios of minerals. Geoch emical results, including geothermometry, geobarometry, and geochronology, will be used to understand provenance of the xenoliths and to infer the geodynamic environments and geochemical processes which existed during the evolution of the plume. These results of this research will better constrain physical models of the evolution of the Kerguelen plume, specifically, and mantle plumes in general.

摘要 该奖项支持一个了解凯尔盖朗羽流地球化学演化的项目。 地幔羽流是地球内部热量和质量传递的主要载体。 它们也是重要的地球化学窗口，通过它们可以研究地球内部的材料和过程。 在地幔柱中，凯尔盖朗地幔柱是独一无二的，因为它创造了漫长（1.2亿年）的岩浆记录，其中包括最大的海洋高原之一凯尔盖朗高原、九十东岭（Ninetyeast Rdge），这是一条近 5000 公里的线性火山链，形成于印度板块越过羽流向北移动，凯尔盖朗群岛则在南极板块上移动。 这个岛屿群从大约 4000 万年前至今一直活跃，主要由厚厚（约 3 公里）的玄武岩高原熔岩序列组成。 该项目将对凯尔盖朗群岛的玄武岩以及玄武岩熔岩中的镁铁质和超镁铁质捕虏体进行详细的地球化学研究。 这是麻省理工学院、伍兹霍尔海洋研究所和比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学之间的合作项目。 该合作研究计划分为两个项目：（1）玄武岩项目是对高原熔岩中熔岩形成地层序列的研究，高原熔岩是群岛中最古老、体积最大的喷出单元。熔岩成分和锶、钕、铅同位素比值的时间变化将用于确定地幔源成分比例、熔化过程特征、岩浆供应速率和地壳加工历史的时间变化，并评估各种模型羽流的地球化学特征。 (2)捕虏体项目是对下地壳和地幔捕虏体的研究。 这项研究将包括岩相学、主要和微量元素丰度以及矿物的同位素比。 地球化学结果，包括地温测量、地气压测量和地质年代学，将用于了解捕虏体的来源并推断羽流演化过程中存在的地球动力学环境和地球化学过程。 这项研究的这些结果将更好地约束凯尔盖朗地幔柱演化的物理模型，特别是地幔柱的演化。