Complementarity: Comparative Statics, Coordination and Change

互补性：比较静态、协调和变化

• 批准号: 9320733
• 负责人: Paul Milgrom
• 金额: $ 22.22万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-05-01 至 1998-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9320733&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Complementarity; Comparative; Statics; Coordination; Change

9320733 Milgrom In the standard theory of markets, prices coordinate a system in which independent decision makers, acting in their own interest, manage to use resources efficiently. Many economic problems, however, are characterized by fixed costs, indivisible goods, and other problems, where the price system does not in general lead to an efficient allocation. Firms and whole societies can get stuck at an inefficient allocation, what many economists now call a coordination failure. When such a system is characterized by strong complementarities among various decisions, that structure can sometimes be exploited to develop a more centralized approach to overcome the coordination failure. The broad objective of this research is to understand how firms and other complex organizations can organize to improve coordination in these situations. This project will (1) develop methods of comparative static analysis, (2) develop testable implications about the organization of firms based on the presence of complementarities, (3) identify the characteristics of decision problems, and (4) identify the sources of resistance to change by individuals and the methods by which these may be overcome. ***

9320733 Milgrom 在标准市场理论中，价格协调一个系统，在该系统中，独立决策者按照自己的利益行事，设法有效地利用资源。 然而，许多经济问题的特点是固定成本、不可分割的商品和其他问题，而价格体系通常不会导致有效的配置。 企业和整个社会可能会陷入低效配置，许多经济学家现在称之为协调失败。 当这样的系统的特点是各种决策之间具有很强的互补性时，有时可以利用该结构来开发更集中的方法来克服协调失败。 这项研究的主要目标是了解公司和其他复杂组织如何组织起来以改善这些情况下的协调。 该项目将（1）开发比较静态分析方法，（2）基于互补性的存在开发关于公司组织的可测试的含义，（3）识别决策问题的特征，以及（4）识别阻力的来源个人的改变以及克服这些问题的方法。 ***