空军飞行学员心理应激状况调查

空军飞行学员心理应激状况调查

Objective To understand the psychological stress status of air force flight cadets and the psychological differences among flight cadets of different grades, and to provide a theoretical basis for carrying out mental health care and health education for military academy flight cadets in a targeted manner. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and the Psychological Stress Self-Evaluation Test (PSET) was used to conduct psychological tests on 1,150 flight cadets in an air force academy. The surveyed subjects were divided into freshman group, sophomore group, junior group and senior group according to their grades. The scores of 10 recorded items, the occurrence frequencies and the PSET standard scores in each grade were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software to compare the psychological stress levels of flight cadets of different grades. Results A total of 1,088 valid questionnaires were actually recovered, including 256 questionnaires for freshman flight cadets, 298 for sophomore flight cadets, 249 for junior flight cadets and 285 for senior flight cadets. The total effective rate of the questionnaire was 94.61%. The original score of PSET for air force flight cadets was (14.38 ± 3.71) points. The PSET standard scores for cadets of each grade were (50.21 ± 10.30) points for freshmen, (50.36 ± 10.26) points for sophomores, (49.96 ± 9.84) points for juniors and (50.12 ± 10.14) points for seniors respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference among grade groups (P > 0.05). There were 45 people (4.14%) with a standard score ≥ 70 points, showing a relatively obvious psychological stress state. The number of people who chose "often" for the item "be alert to dangerous things" was relatively large (21.14%), higher than that of other items (P < 0.05); the number of people who chose "often" for the item "not willing to interact with others" (3.95%) was less than that of other items (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of the same items of PSET among flight cadets of different grades (F = 14.424 - 36.465, P < 0.05); the scores of each item for junior flight cadets were significantly lower than those of other grade groups (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of positive symptoms of the same items of PSET among flight cadets of different grades (χ2 = 11.149 - 78.127, P < 0.05); the incidence of positive symptoms of each item for junior flight cadets was significantly lower than that of other grade groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the psychological stress levels of air force flight cadets of different grades, and the psychological states of flight cadets should be paid attention to in a timely manner according to the actual situation.

目的 了解空军飞行学员的心理应激状况以及不同年级飞行学员的心理差异，为有针对性开展军校飞行学员心理健康保健和卫生宣教提供理论依据。 方法 采用横断面调查，应用军人心理应激自评问卷（psychological stress self-evaluation test，PSET）对空军某院校1 150名飞行学员进行心理测试。受调查研究对象按照年级划分为大一组、大二组、大三组和大四组。应用SPSS 17.0软件对各年级PSET中10个记录条目的得分、发生频数以及PSET标准分数进行统计，比较不同年级飞行学员心理应激程度。 结果 实际回收有效调查问卷1 088份，其中大一组飞行学员256份，大二组飞行学员298份，大三组飞行学员249份，大四组飞行学员285份。问卷总有效率94.61%。空军飞行学员PSET原始分数为（14.38±3.71）分。各年级学员PSET标准分分别为大一（50.21±10.30）分、大二（50.36±10.26）分、大三（49.96±9.84）分、大四（50.12±10.14）分，年级组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。有45人（4.14%）标准分≥70分，呈现较明显的心理应激状态。对条目“对危险的事情保持警觉”选择“经常”的人数较多（21.14%），高于其他条目（P<0.05）；对条目“不远与人交往”选择“经常”的人数（3.95%）少于其他条目（P<0.05）。不同年级飞行学员间PSET的同条目得分差异有统计学意义（F=14.424~36.465，P<0.05）；大三组飞行学员的各条目得分明显低于其他年级组（P<0.05）。不同年级飞行学员间PSET的同条目阳性症状发生率差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.149~78.127，P<0.05）；大三组飞行学员的各条目阳性症状发生率明显低于其他年级组（P<0.05）。 结论 空军飞行学员不同年级的心理应激程度存在差异，应根据实际情况及时关注飞行学员心理状态。