Potential hazards of biochar: The negative environmental impacts of biochar applications

Potential hazards of biochar: The negative environmental impacts of biochar applications

Biochar has been widely used as an environmentally friendly material for soil improvement and remediation, water pollution control, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and other purposes because of its characteristics such as a large surface area, porous structure, and abundant surface O-containing functional groups. However, some surface properties (i.e., (i) some surface properties (i.e., organic functional groups and inorganic components), (ii) changes in pH), and (iii) chemical reactions (e.g., aromatic C ring oxidation) that occur between biochar and the application environment may result in the release of harmful components. In this study, biochars with a potential risk to the environment were classified according to their harmful components, surface properties, structure, and particle size, and the potential negative environmental effects of these biochars and the mechanisms inducing these negative effects were reviewed. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the negative environmental impacts of biochar on soil, water, and atmospheric environments. It also summarizes various technical methods of environment-related risk detection and evaluation of biochar application, thereby providing a baseline reference and guiding significance for future biochar selection and toxicity detection, evaluation, and avoidance.

生物炭已被广泛用作环境友好的材料，用于土壤改善和修复，水污染控制，减少温室气体排放以及其他目的，因为其特征（例如较大的表面积，多孔结构和丰富的表面O的功能组） 。但是，某些表面特性（即（i）某些表面特性（即有机官能团和无机成分），（ii）pH的变化）和（iii）化学反应（例如，芳族c环氧化），这些反应发生在生物炭和应用环境可能会导致有害组件的释放。在这项研究中，根据其有害成分，表面特性，结构和粒径对环境有潜在风险的生物char进行了分类，以及这些生物芯片的潜在负面环境影响以及诱导这些负面影响的机制。本文介绍了生物炭对土壤，水和大气环境的负面影响的全面概述。它还总结了与环境相关风险检测和生物炭应用评估的各种技术方法，从而为未来的生物炭选择和毒性检测，评估和回避提供了基线参考和指导意义。