Co-contamination and interaction of fungal toxins and other environmental toxins

Co-contamination and interaction of fungal toxins and other environmental toxins

Background: The study of fungal toxins has progressed from individual toxins to a combination of multiple toxins. Pollution survey on fungal toxins currently focuses on single- or multiple-fungal toxins. However, co-contamination of various environmental toxins exists in food chain, which may be potentially risky for human and animals. Studies on the risks caused by the combined exposure of different environmental toxins have recently been conducted. Whether a relationship exists between these different kinds of toxins has to be determined. Therefore, the coexistence and joint toxicity of fungal toxins and other kinds of toxicants bear research significance.Scope and approach: We summarize a concise report on the co-contamination of fungal toxins and typical environmental toxins (heavy metals, pesticides) in various products, evaluation aspects, and combined effects of fungal toxins and other environmental toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, hormones, algal toxins, bacterial toxins, etc.). Co-occurrence of fungal toxins worldwide, particularly in baby food, is also discussed.Key finding and conclusion: Co-contamination of fungal toxins, pesticides, and heavy metals occurs in a wide range of products and may be passed onto infants. Significant discrepancy in research exists, resulting from the lack of regional and systematic investigations. More attention should be paid to susceptible populations. Emerging research become interest in the joint effects of fungal toxins and other environmental toxins. Whether the metabolic, transformation, and toxic pathways of fungal toxins can be affected by other toxins requires an in-depth investigation in the future.

背景：真菌毒素的研究已从单一毒素发展到多种毒素的联合研究。目前真菌毒素污染调查主要集中在单一或多种真菌毒素上。然而，食物链中存在各种环境毒素的共同污染，这可能对人类和动物具有潜在风险。近期已经开展了不同环境毒素联合暴露所导致风险的研究。必须确定这些不同种类的毒素之间是否存在关联。因此，真菌毒素与其他种类毒物的共存和联合毒性具有研究意义。 范围与方法：我们总结了一份简明报告，内容涉及各种产品中真菌毒素与典型环境毒素（重金属、农药）的共同污染、评估方面以及真菌毒素与其他环境毒素（重金属、农药、激素、藻类毒素、细菌毒素等）的联合效应。还讨论了全球范围内，尤其是婴儿食品中真菌毒素的共同出现情况。 关键发现与结论：真菌毒素、农药和重金属在多种产品中共同污染，并可能传递给婴儿。由于缺乏区域性和系统性的调查，研究存在显著差异。应更加关注易感人群。新兴研究对真菌毒素与其他环境毒素的联合效应产生了兴趣。真菌毒素的代谢、转化和毒性途径是否会受到其他毒素的影响，未来需要深入研究。